Saturday, March 28, 2009

Les Cosaques zaporogues écrivant une lettre a Mahmoud IV sultan de Turquie

Conflits - Islamisation 13 mars 2009 -->

Contexte Les Cosaques zaporogues écrivant une lettre au sultan de Turquie est un tableau historique. La scène représentée se déroule en l’année 1676. Les Cosaques zaporogues (zaporogue vient du russe za porohamy et signifie « derrière les rapides »), vivant sur les bords du Dniepr inférieur, ont vaincu l’armée turque au cours d’une bataille. Le sultan de Turquie exige cependant d’eux qu’ils se soumettent. À cette requête, les Cosaques (...) suite

La chute du mythe du "Zéro arabe"

15 mars 2009

Si les impérialisme romain, perse, grec, égyptien apportaient des choses totalement inconnues des peuples occupés, l’impérialisme arabo-islamique prend aux peuples conquis des choses totalement inconnues du monde musulman. D’un simple coup de pinceau, il s’approprie ces choses et les peuples qui les ont créées.

Cet article va enfin mettre fin à un autre mensonge monumental de l’usurpateur.

Préambule

Nous savons tous que les chiffres que nous utilisons actuellement (1, 2, 3...) sont appelés à tort "chiffres arabes" alors que ce sont des chiffres venus d’Inde et d’ailleurs les arabes utilisent d’autres chiffres, d’autres formes pour noter les nombres. Définition de "chiffre" : caractère servant à représenter un nombre ; système conventionnel pour correspondre secrètement (un code) ou en langage moderne "message crypté". Et bien sûr Larousse et toutes les références donnent la même étymologie qui fait remonter l’origine de ce mot à l’arabe "sifr" qui signifie zéro. Eh bien il est temps de vérifier cette hypothèse.

Hypothèse

Nous avons dans les billets précédents que le "h" kabyle serait une mutation d’autres sons selon les cas de figure, le "h" aurait notamment remplacé un son "ph"(f). Nous avons vu aussi le sens du "ph" kabyle comme symbole de l’unité la plus petite, la particule élémentaire. Aujourd’hui on va s’attaquer au son "sh" considéré à juste raison comme trop répandu dans notre langue à cause des sémitiques, le phénicien notamment, oû le "sh" est omniprésent. D’abord il faut signaler que 1. ce son "sh" peut-être confondu avec le son "j" (zh), 2. il serait simplement une altération du "s". Ensuite nous prenons ce son "SH" comme un son complexe ou digramme que l’on va scinder pour comprendre son sens réel : sh = s+h Nous avons vu que le "h" en kabyle aurait remplacé un autre son notamment le "ph"(f) : sh = s+h = s+ph ou s+f C’est précisément cette hypothèse sh = s+ph qui va nous servir de tremplin pour déchiffrer notre lexique kabyle (mazigh en général) et vérifier les interférences avec les autres langues notamment les sémitiques, l’arabe en particulier. Mais déjà il est bien de vérifier au sein de la langue kabyle même, pour ce un exemple assez frappant : shirew (frissonner) avec sh=s+ph il deviendra sphirew...avec la même racine que l’autre verbe kabyle phriwes (frissonner). Un autre exemple : shrew = égrapper (enlever les feuilles sans toucher à la tige), shrew devient sphrew oû l’on devine phrew/i-pherawen = feuille(s) d’arbre. On reviendra sur ces mots shrew/phrew par rapport à leur sens "feuille, écrire" avec une révélation fracassante. Cette hypothèse est vérifiée pour une multitude d’exemples de mots et verbes kabyles (mazigh en général) donc elle est on ne peut plus convaincante.

La potence

Nous allons commencer par un exemple cruel. Comment appelle-t-on en kabyle comme en argot algérois la guillotine (au temps de la guerre d’Algérie) ? Finga, lfinga. Ce terme en fait signifie la potence. Suivez le lexique. a-shangal = piège à nœud coulant, lacs (la), potence Avec le son "sh" = s+ph (s+f) on aura : a-sphangal (sfangal) oû l’on devine facilement finga (potence) du parler moderne. sphang° ou lesfendj = beignet rond et flexible (une relation avec spongia = éponge n’est pas à exclure) Cette racine "rétractable" [s.ph.n] en kabyle s’entrevoit en langue grecque oû span = contracter (ce mot a donné spasmos en grec et spasme en latin/français). Et pour finir il faut rappeler qu’en kabyle shengu (sphengu) signifie "ennemi".

La sphère

Si vous avez lu sur ce blog le post Cicéron vous aurez compris le sens de shyr, shawar, etc...Un petit rappel : shyr = ballon, pelote, boule, rond Avec le "sh" muté en s+ph on aura : shyr = sphyr (mot au masculin). Ce mot est sans doute équivalent au grec sphaira = boule, globe, sphère, le mot sphère en français/latin est issu de là. Notre shyr au sens de globe est phonétiquement proche...du russe shar (globe, boule, ballon), c’est amusant comme coïncidence, n’est ce pas ! En réalité notre shyr=sphyr atteste la forme de sphère, globe, boule (à zéro !). Il est quasi certain que le mot arabe sifr (zéro) est issu de ce mot commun au moins à deux autres langues plus anciennes que l’arabe : le libyque (mazigh, kabyle) et le grec. Et le sens de cette racine sphérique [sph.r] n’est pas exactement le même sens qu’en arabe siphr = zéro, nul mais plutôt il désignerait une globalité, un cycle complet, un ensemble, un paquet de N unités de base comme une boite d’emballage ou pour être plus clair une cartouche contient par exemple une dizaine (10) de paquets et chaque paquet contient une douzaine (12) d’unités de base (ex.cigarette). D’ailleurs l’autre forme de cette racine avec "sh" à la place de "sph" soit la racine [sh.r] est présente en arabe dans les dizaines âshra = 10, âshrin = 20, etc..., et ces nombres sont présents aussi en kabyle et les autres nous disent que ce sont des emprunts à l’arabe, eh bien voyons de plus près. En kabyle il y a les verbes shaR ou chaR = remplir qui serait sphaR avec une indication très nette de remplir, compléter un volume (comme une sphère), il n’y pas de tels verbes ou de telles notions avec cette même racine allant dans le même sens en arabe ! Le sens de "remplir, compléter" mais pour une surface (superficie) existe en arabe et il est commun au kabyle avec le verbe aamaR proche de âmeR en arabe. Toujours par rapport au sens sphr = zéro, nul voici une autre piste : nous avons un verbe en kabyle fregh interfèrent avec l’arabe faregh avec le sens de "vide" ; il y a le verbe kabyle phReDH = "vider de sa consistance" qui aurait pu être amputé d’un "s" donc il aurait été sphredh et ici la racine à la base sfr indique bien le sens de "vide, sans consistance" donc "nul, zéro"...ce verbe phReDH existe bel et bien en arabe mais avec un sens totalement différent : "exiger". Donc...

Le milieu

Pour signifier 12 heures ou midi en arabe ils disent ithnat-âshar (2-10, soit 12), en kabyle nous disons tsenash qui avec la formule sh=s+ph serait tsenasph...terme quasi similaire à tsenasfa = milieu, centre soit le midi (pour la journée) ou minuit pour les notions de temps, le terme équivalent en arabe est "waset" (milieu) qui est très loin du notre comme vous le voyez. D’autre part pour dire moitié en kabyle nous disons nephs avec un "fs" alors qu’en arabe c’est l’inverse nesf avec un "sf" peut-être parce que chez eux nefs = équivalent, égal, similaire. Donc il faudra vérifier si notre mot nephs (moitié) n’est pas une déformation de nesph (comme en arabe) car cette forme nesph est plus concordante avec tsenaspha (milieu, centre). Je me risque à avancer les suppositions suivantes : tsenaspha avec le N attesterait sans doute la demi-sphère ou hémi-cycle ; le "sh" ou sa forme "sph" attesterait sans doute le cyle complet, la sphère. On vérifiera plus tard.

La boule à zéro

On peut bien sûr passer au crible tous les mots kabyles avec un "sh" et les remplacer par "sph" tout comme les mots étrangers notamment grecs avec un "sph, sp" à remplacer par un "sh" pour avoir leur forme en kabyle moderne. Mais il y a autre chose à signaler à savoir que dans certains mots kabyles commençant par un "ph" (f) il y aurait eu une chute du "s", exemple finga devrait être sfinga et shinga. On va prendre 2 exemples assez pertinents (un autre très très intéressant viendra prochainement) : a-phermash, a-fermash = édenté, sans dents Avec un "s" re-gréffé au F on aura a-sphermash, a-sfermash (shermash) a-ferDHas = chauve (en italien calvo, pelato...pelote) comme Kojak, Fantomas ou Pierluigi Collina ! Avec un "s" rétabli aux côtés du "f" on aura : a-spherDHas, a-sferdhas (sherdhas) Ici nous avons le vrai sens de "spher/sfer" qui certainement serait "vide, sans, néant" en clair avec le sens de zéro. C’est sans doute pour marquer un "cycle, ensemble, un chiffre rond" comme "dizaine" ou "douzaine" qui reste à déterminer.

Épilogue

Donc vous avez compris que le sh = s+ph et que derrière un F au début d’un mot en kabyle il est probable qu’un S lui aurait été amputé. Prenons maintenant le deuxième sens du mot "chiffre" mot "arabe" sifr selon Larousse et les autres "autorités" occidentales et orientales, en l’occurrence le sens de chiffre = code. Donc ce qui est secret et caché aux autres. Comment on dit en arabe cacher ? - ils disent khebi. Et comment on dit chacher en kabyle (mazigh) ?...’pher/’fer ! Ce mot ’pher s’il a vraiment perdu son "s" aurait été spher. On y reviendra là-dessus pour a-sirem (esprérer en kabyle), sperare/espérer en latin/français, on reviendra par rapport à la beauté et oiseau comparé aux langues sémitiques et bien sûr on rendra visite à l’ancienne Egypte à Nefertiti et aux Pharaons.

Pour finir. Je pense que le mythe des "chiffres arabes" alors qu’ils sont hindous est déjà tombé depuis un bon moment. Aujourd’hui je considère que le mythe du "zéro -chiffre arabe" est tombé à l’eau et tous les usurpateurs qui continueront à propager le mensonge du "zéro arabe" méritent un vrai zéro, un beau double zéro et eux-mêmes resteront de grands zéros en chiffres.



http://www.afrique-du-nord.com/article.php3?id_article=1617
original at http://mazaris.blogspot.com/2009/03/zero.html

Zéro et l'usurpateur


Zéro

Ce post va mettre fin à un autre mensonge monumental de l'usurpateur.


Préambule

Nous savons tous que les chiffres que nous utilisons actuellement (1, 2, 3...) sont appellés à tort "chiffres arabes" alors que ce sont des chiffres venus d'Inde et d'ailleurs les arabes utilisent d'autres chiffres, d'autres formes pour noter les nombres.

Définition de "chiffre": caractère servant à représenter un nombre; système conventionnel pour correspondre secrètement (un code) ou en langage moderne "message crypté".
Et bien sûr Larousse et toutes les références donnent la même étymologie qui fait remonter l'origine de ce mot à l'arabe "sifr" qui signifie zéro. Eh bien il est temps de vérifier cette hypothèse.

Hypothèse
Nous avons dans les billets précédents que le "h" kabyle serait une mutation d'autres sons selon les cas de figure, le "h" aurait notamment remplacé un son "ph"(f). Nous avons vu aussi le sens du "ph" kabyle comme symbole de l'unité la plus petite, la particule élémentaire.
Aujourd'hui on va s'attaquer au son "sh" considéré à juste raison comme trop répandu dans notre langue à cause des sémitiques, le phénicien notamment, oû le "sh" est omniprésent. D'abord il faut signaler que 1. ce son "sh" peut-être confondu avec le son "j" (zh), 2. il serait simplement une altération du "s". Ensuite nous prenons ce son "SH" comme un son complexe ou digramme que l'on va scinder pour comprendre son sens réel:
sh = s+h
Nous avons vu que le "h" en kabyle aurait remplacé un autre son notamment le "ph"(f):
sh = s+h = s+ph ou s+f
C'est précisemment cette hypothèse sh = s+ph qui va nous servir de tremplin pour déchiffrer notre lexique kabyle (mazigh en général) et verrifier les interférences avec les autres langues notamment les sémitiques, l'arabe en particulier. Mais déjà il est bien de vérifier au sein de la langue kabyle même, pour ce un exemple assez frappant: shirew (frissoner) avec sh=s+ph il deviendra sphirew...avec la même racine que l'autre verbe kabyle phriwes (frissoner). Un autre exemple: shrew = égrapper (enlever les feuilles sans toucher à la tige), shrew devient sphrew oû l'on devine phrew/i-pherawen = feuille(s) d'arbre. On reviendra sur ces mots shrew/phrew par rapport à leur sens "feuille, écrire" avec une révélation fracassante. Cette hypothèse est vérifiée pour une multitude d'exemples de mots et verbes kabyles (mazigh en général) donc elle est on ne peut plus convaincante.

La potence
Nous allons commencer par un exemple cruel. Comment appelle-t-on en kabyle comme en argot algérois la guillotine (au temps de la guerre d'Algérie)? Finga, lfinga. Ce terme en fait signifie la potence. Suivez le lexique.
a-shangal = piège à noeud coulant, lacs (la), potence
Avec le son "sh" = s+ph (s+f) on aura:
a-sphangal (sfangal) oû l'on devine facilement finga (potence) du parler moderne.
sphang° ou lesfendj = beignet rond et flexible (une relation avec spongia = éponge n'est pas à exclure)
Cette racine "rétractable" [s.ph.n] en kabyle s'entrevoit en langue grecque oû span = contracter (ce mot a donné spasmos en grec et spasme en latin/français). Et pour finir il faut rappeller qu'en kabyle shengu (sphengu) signifie "ennemi". La sphère
Si vous avez lu sur ce blog le post Cicéron vous aurez compris le sens de shyr, shawrar, etc...Un petit rappel:
shyr = ballon, pelote, boule, rond
Avec le "sh" muté en s+ph on aura:
shyr = sphyr (mot au masculin). Ce mot est sans doute équivalent au grec sphaira = boule, globe, sphère, le mot sphère en français/latin est issu de là.
Notre shyr au sens de globe est phonétiquement proche...du russe shar (globe, boule, ballon), c'est amusant comme coincidence, n'est ce pas!
En réalité notre shyr=sphyr atteste la forme de sphère, globe, boule (à zéro!). Il est quasi certain que le mot arabe sifr (zéro) est issu de ce mot commun au moins à deux autres langues plus anciennes que l'arabe: le libyque (mazigh, kabyle) et le grec. Et le sens de cette racine sphérique [sph.r] n'est pas exactement le même sens qu'en arabe siphr = zéro, nul mais plutôt il désignerait une globalité, un cycle complet, un ensemble, un paquet de N unités de base comme une boîte d'emballage ou pour être plus clair une cartouche contient par exemple une dizaine (10) de paquets et chaque paquet contient une douzaine (12) d'unités de base (ex.cigarette). D'ailleurs l'autre forme de cette racine avec "sh" à la place de "sph" soit la racine [sh.r] est présente en arabe dans les dizaines âshra = 10, âshrin = 20, etc..., et ces nombres sont présents aussi en kabyle et les autres nous disent que ce sont des emprunts à l'arabe, eh bien voyons de plus près. En kabyle il y a les verbes shaR ou chaR = remplir qui serait sphaR avec une indication très nette de remplir, compléter un volume (comme une sphère), il n'y pas de tels verbes ou de telles notions avec cette même racine allant dans le même sens en arabe! Le sens de "remplir, compléter" mais pour une surface (superficie) existe en arabe et il est commun au kabyle avec le verbe aamaR proche de âmeR en arabe. Toujours par rapport au sens sphr = zéro, nul voici une autre piste: nous avons un verbe en kabyle fregh interférent avec l'arabe faregh avec le sens de "vide"; en kabyle il y a le verbe phres (fer'es) = nettoyer, élaguer, enlever tout ce qui est nocif, rendre net/clair/sain; il y a le verbe kabyle phReDH = "vider de sa consistance" qui aurait pu être amputé d'un "s" donc il aurait été sphredh et ici la racine à la base sfr indique bien le sens de "vide, sans consistance" donc "nul, zéro"...ce verbe phReDH existe bel et bien en arabe mas avec un sens totalement différent: "exiger". Donc...

Le milieu
Pour signifier 12 heures ou midi en arabe ils disent ithnat-âshar (2-10, soit 12), en kabyle nous disons tsenash qui avec la formule sh=s+ph serait tsenasph...terme quasi similaire à tsenasfa = milieu, centre soit le midi (pour la journée) ou minuit pour les notions de temps, le terme équivalent en arabe est "waset" (milieu) qui est très loin du notre comme vous le voyez. D'autre part pour dire moitié en kabyle nous disons nephs avec un "fs" alors qu'en arabe c'est l'inverse nesf avec un "sf" peut-être parce que chez eux nefs = équivalent, égal, similaire. Donc il faudra vérifier si notre mot nephs (moitié) n'est pas une déformation de nesph (comme en arabe) car cette forme nesph est plus concordante avec tsenaspha (milieu, centre). Je me risque à avancer les suppositions suivantes: tsenaspha avec le N attesterait sans doute la demi-sphère ou hémi-cycle; le "sh" ou sa forme "sph" attesterait sans doute le cyle complet, la sphère. On vérifiera plus tard.

La boule à zéro
On peut bien sûr passer au crible tous les mots kabyles avec un "sh" et les remplacer par "sph" tout come les mots étrangers notamment grecs avec un "sph, sp" à remplacer par un "sh" pour avoir leur forme en kabyle moderne. Mais il y a autre chose à signaler à savoir que dans certains mots kabyles commençant par un "ph" (f) il y aurait eu une chute du "s", exemple finga devrait être sfinga et shinga. On va prendre 2 exemples assez pertinents (un autre très très intéressant viendra prochainement):
a-phermash, a-fermash = édenté, sans dents
Avec un "s" re-gréffé au F on aura a-sphermash, a-sfermash (shermash)
a-ferDHas = chauve (en italien calvo, pelato...pelote) comme Kojak, Fantomas ou Pierluigi Collina!
Avec un "s" rétabli aux côtés du "f" on aura:
a-spherDHas, a-sferdhas (sherdhas)
Ici nous avons le vrai sens de "spher/sfer" qui certainement serait "vide, sans, néant" en clair avec le sens de zéro. C'est sans doute pour marquer un "cycle, ensemble, un chiffre rond" comme "dizaine" ou "douzaine" qui reste à déterminer.
Epilogue
Donc vous avez compris que le sh = s+ph et que derrière un F au début d'un mot en kabyle il est probable qu'un S lui aurait été amputé.
Prenons maintenant le deuxième sens du mot "chiffre" mot "arabe" sifr selon Larousse et les autres "autorités" occidentales et orientales, en l'occurence le sens de chiffre = code. Donc ce qui est secret et caché aux autres. Comment on dit en arabe cacher? - ils disent khebi. Et comment on dit chacher en kabyle (mazigh)?...'pher/'fer! Ce mot 'pher s'il a vraiment perdu son "s" aurait été spher. On y reviendra là-dessus pour a-sirem (esprérer en kabyle), sperare/espérer en latin/français, on reviendra par rapport à la beaute et oiseau comparé aux langues sémitiques et bien sûr on rendra visite à l'ancienne Egypte à Nefertiti et aux Pharaons. Pour finir. Je pense que le mythe des "chiffres arabes" alors qu'ils sont hindous est déjà tombé depuis un bon moment. Aujourd'hui je considère que le mythe du "zéro -chiffre arabe" est tombé à l'eau et tous les usurpateurs qui continueront à propager le mensonge du "zéro arabe" méritent un vrai zéro, un beau double zéro et eux-mêmes resteront de grands zéros en chiffres.

Publié par Dda Stayevski à l'adresse 13:41
Libellés : , , ,

http://mazaris.blogspot.com/2009/03/zero.html

Friday, March 27, 2009

The Makhzen will ban Morocco too!

The Makhzen will ban Morocco too!
25 March 2009

The Moroccan regime has decided that the banning of Amazigh first names inside the country is not sufficient enough. Two or three weeks before, it has sent to all his corrupt consulates all over the world a racist notice forbidding them definitely from then on. I know that is beyond comprehension, which is why we can not comprehend. But it’s not the case of the young Amazigh immigrants, especially in France, Netherland, and Belgium. They were overwhelmingly surprised because they don’t know very well the Makhzen and his fascistic methods.

But why this move at that time? Sincerely, I don’t have the foggiest idea. As all the totalitarian regimes, even if you bend over backwards for a long time, I am sure you will not find any logical explanation. But we are quite sure of one point: the Moroccan regime is still very amazigh phobic and full of hatred and hate against the indigenous population of North Africa, the Amazigh people. This is as plain as your nose on your face even if his talkative spokespersons and his propagandist media say collectively and constantly the contrary.

It stands to reason that the Makhzen system has never liked things which have the slighest connection with amazighity, the authentic identity not only of Morocco but also of North Africa on the whole. Even if it appreciates certainly a lot its benfits: the amazigh cuisine, the richness of the country, and most of all to be everlastingly in power. Not to put too fine a point on it, the Makhzen has in effect a lot to do with any colonial and imperial regime, because it is proudly one of them. In any manner, we do need no proofs to show that, his dumb actions speak loudly by themselves.

That being said, if the Amazigh culture is despised and hated at this point, why on earth doesn’t Rabat go forward- and demonstrate his logic- and prohibit any Amazigh thing in the country? For example all Amazigh food, all Amazigh toponyms (Agadir, Tiznit, Meknes, Fes, Tanger, Anfa...), all Amazigh apparel, etc. As it did before with the name of the country.

As you may know, his authentic name is Marrakech, which gave quite rightly Morocco in English or Maroc in French. In Arabic language, the former official name of Morocco was arabized decades before: it became El Maghreb. Sorry, thought, if I lead you up the garden path because of the title of this story which is little bit misleading. In point of fact, as we saw it, the real name of Morocco was banned already. It was a huge advance, wasn’t it?

Publié par Lahsen.Oulhadj
Leave a comment
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http://www.north-of-africa.com/article.php3?id_article=572
http://oulhadjlahsen.blogspot.com/2009/03/makhzen-will-ban-morocco-too.html

Sunday, March 22, 2009

Imazighen* in Iberia (Al-Andalus**)

**Al-Andalus was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims from 711 to 1492

*In the power hierarchy, Imazighen ["Berbers"] were situated between the Arabic aristocracy and the Muladi*** populace.

The Muladi*** (Spanish: muladí, pl. muladíes or muwallad (pl. muwalladun or muwalladeen) arabic مولدون, were Muslims of ethnic Iberian origin who lived in Al-Andalus during the Middle Ages. They were descended from the native people who converted to Islam after the Islamic conquest of Hispania.

Muslims who entered Iberia in 711 were mainly Imazighen (Berbers), and were led by an Amazigh, Tariq ibn Ziyad, though under the suzerainty of the Arab Caliph of Damascus Abd al-Malik and his North African Viceroy, Musa ibn Nusayr. A second mixed army of Arabs and Imazighen came in 712 under Ibn Nusayr himself. It is claimed they formed approximately 66% of the Islamic population in Iberia; supposedly they helped the Umayyad caliph Abd ar-Rahman I, because his mother was a Berber. During the Taifa era, the petty kings came from a variety of ethnic groups; some-- for instance the Zirid kings of Granada --were of Amazigh origin. The Taifa period ended when an Amazigh dynasty--the Almoravids from modern-day Western Sahara and Mauritania --took over Al-Andalus; they were succeeded by the Almohad dynasty from Morocco, during which time al-Andalus flourished.

In the power hierarchy, Imazighen were situated between the Arabic aristocracy and the Muladi** populace. Ethnic rivalries were one of the factors of Andalusi politics.
After the fall of the Caliphate, the taifa kingdoms of Toledo and Granada had Amazigh rulers.
___________________________________________________
***Muladi
Mulades were an ethnic group that lived in the Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages.
The spanish language word mulad is derived from arabic language muwallad....
___________________________________________________

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbers_and_Islam

Saturday, March 21, 2009

Islamization of the Imazighen

from questia.com

Until their conquest in the 7th cent. by Muslim Arabs, most of the Berbers were Christian (also, a sizable minority had accepted Judaism), and many heresies of the early African church, particularly Donatism, were essentially Berber protests against the rule of Rome. Under the Arabs, the Berbers became Islamized and soon formed the backbone of the Arab armies that conquered Spain. However, the Berbers repeatedly rose against the Arabs, and in the 9th cent. they supported the Fatimid dynasty in its conquest of N Africa.

After the Fatimids withdrew to Egypt, N Africa was plunged into an anarchy of warring Berber tribes that ended only when the Berber dynasties, the Almoravids and the Almohads, were born. Each of these dynasties succeeded in pushing back Christian kingdoms which had pushed south against the fragmented Moors. With the disintegration of these dynasties, the Berbers of the plains were gradually absorbed by the Arabs, while those who lived in inaccessible mountain regions, such as the Aurès, the Kabylia, the Rif, and the Atlas, retained their culture and warlike traditions. When the French and the Spanish occupied much of N Africa, it was the Berbers of these mountainous regions who offered the fiercest resistance. In more recent times the Berbers, especially those of the Kabylia, assisted in driving the French from Algeria. Contemporary relations between Berbers and Arabs are sometimes tense, particularly in Algeria, where Berbers rebelled (1963–65) against Arab ruled and have demonstrated and rioted against Arab discrimination.


See E. Gellner, Saints of the Atlas (1969); E. Gellner and C. Micaud, ed., Arabs and Berbers (1972); J. Waterbury, North for the Trade (1972).

http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/berbers.jsp

See also

Berber Revolt
The Great Berber Revolt of 12225/74043 took place during the reign of the Umayyad Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik and marked the first successful secession from the caliphate....

Muslim conquest of North Africa

Uqba ibn Nafi
Uqba ibn NafiUqba ibn Nafi was an Arab general under the Umayyad dynasty, who began the Islamic conquest of the Maghreb, including present-day western Algeria and Morocco in North Africa....

Musa bin Nusair
Musa bin NusairMusa bin Nusair was a Yemeni Muslim governor and general under the Umayyads. In 698 he was made the governor of Ifriqiya and was responsible for putting down a large Berber rebellion....

Kusaila
KusailaKusaila was a 7th century chief of the Awraba tribe of the Berber people and head of the Sanhadja confederation....

Almoravids
Almoravides , was a Berber dynasty from the Sahara that flourished over a wide area of Africa and Europe during the 11th century....

The source of this article is Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

AbsoluteAstronomy.com 2009. All Rights Reserved

The Great Berber Revolt of 740-43 A.D.

The Great Berber Revolt of 740-43 A.D. (122-25 A.H. in the Muslim calendar) took place during the reign of the Umayyad Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik and marked the first successful secession from the Arab caliphate (ruled from Damascus). The revolt began in Tangier in 740, and was led initially by Maysara al-Madghari, a member of the caliphal army.By 740 Hisham's armies had been defeated by the Byzantines


Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik

Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 723 until his death in 743.Inheriting the caliphate from his brother Yazid II, Hisham was ruling an empire with many different problems....

Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople....at the
Battle of Akroinon

Battle of Akroinon

The Battle of Akroinon was fought at Akroinon in Phrygia, on the western edge of the Anatolian plateau, in 739 between an Umayyad Arab army of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, led by his brother Sulayman, and Byzantine Empire forces led by Leo III the ...; expeditions into Gaul

Gaul

Gaul was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river....during the period 732-737 had been repulsed by the Franks

Franks

The Franks or the Frankish people were one of several west Confederations of Germanic Tribes....under Charles Martel

Charles Martel

Charles Martel was the Mayor of the Palace and dux Francorum. He expanded his rule over all three of the Franks: Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy...., and the strategic city of Narbonne

Battle of Narbonne (737)

The Battle of Narbonne was fought in 737 between the forces of Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri, Umayyad governor of Narbonne, and a Franks army led by Charles Martel....was threatened; the Caucasian front was at a standstill and Gujarat had been lost. Against this series of reversals, the revolt of the Berbers in Ifriqiya

Ifriqiya

In Middle Ages, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria....marked the crowning blow and largest military catastrophe of Hisham's reign.The main causes of the revolt were the harsh policies of the governor of North Africa, 'Ubayd Allah bin al-Habhab (which required that Berber slaves be delivered as part of the tribute paid by Berber tribes) and discrimination against Berber units of the caliphal army as compared to Arab units, the former frequently being exposed to dangers that commanders spared the latter.The army of the Berber rebels, most of whom belonged to the radical Kharijite

Kharijites

Kharijites is a general term embracing a variety of Islamic sects which, while initially accepting the caliphate of Ali, later rejected him....sect, swept through the Maghreb

Maghreb

The Maghreb...slaughtering most the Arab aristocracy at the Battle of the Nobles in 741. In 743 a force sent from Damascus

DamascusDamascus is the largest city and capital of Syria. Founded approximately 2500 BC, it is thought to be one of List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, before Al Fayyum, and Gaziantep....under the command of Kulthum finally brought the revolt to an end at the Battle of Kairouan
KairouanKairouan is a city in Tunisia, about 160 kilometres south of Tunis. In 2003 the city had about 150,000 inhabitants.....
See also
Berbers and Islam
Berbers and IslamThe Berber people are an ethnic group that had, until recently, few links to the Arabs. They have existed in ancient Mauretania, Numidia, Ifriqiya and Tripolitania, for thousands of years....
The Berbers
Berber peopleThe Berbers are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic languages....(Imazighen) are an ethnic group that had, until recently, few links to the Arab
ArabThe Arabs are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, rather than a pure ethnic group, mainly found throughout the Middle East and North Africa....s. They have existed in ancient Mauretania
MauretaniaIn Antiquity, Mauretania was originally an independent Berber monarchy on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa, corresponding to western Algeria, Spain's Plaza de soberana and northern Morocco...., Numidia
NumidiaNumidia was an ancient Berber kingdom in North Africa that later became a Roman province, and is no longer in existence today...., Ifriqiya
IfriqiyaIn Middle Ages, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria....and Tripolitania
TripolitaniaTripolitania or Tripolitana is a historic region of western Libya, centered on the coastal city of Tripoli...., (present-day Morocco
MoroccoThe Kingdom of Morocco is a country in North Africa. It has a long coastline on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea...., Algeria
AlgeriaAlgeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is a country in north Africa, and the second largest country on the African continent, Sudan being the largest...., Tunisia
TunisiaTunisia , officially the Tunisian Republic , is a country situated on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa....and Libya
LibyaLibya , officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , is a country in North Africa....respectively) for thousands of years. Most Berbers have converted to Islam
IslamIslam is a monotheism religion based upon the Qur'an, which adherents believe was sent by God through Muhammad....over the course several centuries.
Background
The region of North Africa
North AfricaNorth Africa or Northern Africa is the north region of the African continent. Geopolitically, the United Nations subregion of Northern Africa includes the following seven territories:...practiced many religions including various forms of pagan ritual
PaganismPaganism is a blanket term which has come to connote a broad set of western spiritualism or religion beliefs and practices of natural or polytheistic religions, as opposed to the Abrahamic monotheistic religions....s, Judaism
JudaismJudaism is the religion of the Jewish people. It is the first recorded Monotheism faith and one of the oldest religious traditions still practiced today...., and Christianity
ChristianityChristianity is a Monotheism#Christian view religion centered on Jesus, and on his life and teachings as presented in the New Testament..... The first Islamic forces encountered fierce opposition by the various city-states resulting from the departure of the Byzantines
Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople..... The weakest of them in the southern and southwestern parts of the Amazigh territory were the first to fall to the Islamic troops under the Egyptian Qalif in a locally initiated attempt of expansion westward. This first attempt in late 7th century (660 A.D.) resulted in a decisive defeat of the Islamic troops. In 750 the qalifs centralized their command in Damascus
DamascusDamascus is the largest city and capital of Syria. Founded approximately 2500 BC, it is thought to be one of List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, before Al Fayyum, and Gaziantep....and a coalition of Islamic forces from Medina
MedinaMedina is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia...., Damascus, Baghdad
BaghdadBaghdad is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. It is the second-largest city in Southwest Asia after Tehran and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo, and the largest city in Iraq, with the 2003 population estimated...and Egypt
EgyptEgypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a Middle Eastern country in North Africa....returned in a second attempt following successive defeats in Greece
GreeceGreeceGreece lies at the juncture of Europe, Asia, and Africa. It is heir to the heritages of Ancient Greece, the Byzantine Empire, and nearly four centuries of Ottoman Empire ruleistory .... The Islamic forces in a coalition resumed their conquest of the Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean SeaThe Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia....from the south, through North Africa
North AfricaNorth Africa or Northern Africa is the north region of the African continent. Geopolitically, the United Nations subregion of Northern Africa includes the following seven territories:.... A more diplomatic second attempt resulted in a successful alliance with the mainly desert-based Mauritanian tribes (south and west of modern Algeria) then Numidia
NumidiaNumidia was an ancient Berber kingdom in North Africa that later became a Roman province, and is no longer in existence today..... The new Muslim northwest African tribes in turn became ambassadors of the Muslim Qalifs, and brokers on their behalf in an attempt to assemble a coalition of forces to engage their common enemy Rome. The new approach was better received by the Numidian tribes of the highlands and were successfully recruited for a joint military venture into Europe and ultimately to Rome and around the Mediterranean Sea. A Numidian chief Tariq ibn Ziyad headed these stronger forces under the green flag of Islam and embarked for Europe, taking over most of the Iberian Peninsula
Iberian PeninsulaThe Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. It is the western and southernmost of the three southern European peninsulas ..... It is then that North Africa
North AfricaNorth Africa or Northern Africa is the north region of the African continent. Geopolitically, the United Nations subregion of Northern Africa includes the following seven territories:...west of Egypt was referred to as "al-Maghreb
MaghrebThe Maghreb..." or the "West" by the peoples of the Middle East
Middle EastThe Middle East is a subcontinent for the Historical geography and cultural geography subregion of Africa-Eurasia traditionally held to be countries or regions in Southwest Asia together with Ancient Egypt#Background.....In 670, the Islamic coalition under the command of Uqba ibn Nafi
Uqba ibn NafiUqba ibn Nafi was an Arab general under the Umayyad dynasty, who began the Islamic conquest of the Maghreb, including present-day western Algeria and Morocco in North Africa....established its camp on the Tunis peninsula and founded the city of Kairouan
KairouanKairouan is a city in Tunisia, about 160 kilometres south of Tunis. In 2003 the city had about 150,000 inhabitants...., about 160 kilometers south of present-day Tunis
TunisTunis is the capital of Tunisia and also the Tunis Governorate, with a population of 699,700 in 2003..... The Muslims used the city as a base for further operations against Numedians in the West and along the highlands of modern Algeria. Successive and repeated attacks on the villages of the lower Numedian agricultural valleys by Abu al-Muhajir Dinar
Abu al-Muhajir DinarAbu al-Muhajir Dinar , amir of Ifriqiya under the Umayyads.His biography is complicated by the existence of two versions of the history of the Umayyad conquest of North Africa...., Uqba's successor, forced the uncoordinated Numidian tribes to eventually work out a modus vivendi through Kusaila
KusailaKusaila was a 7th century chief of the Awraba tribe of the Berber people and head of the Sanhadja confederation...., a converted Numidian chief on behalf of an extensive confederation of Christian Imazighen. Kusaila, who had been based in Tilimsan
TlemcenTlemcen, sometimes spelled Tlemsen, is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the seat of government for the Tlemcen Province of the same name....(Tlemcen), converted to Islam and relocated his headquarters to Takirwan, near Kairouan.The harmony between the Imazighen and the Muslims was short-lived, however. The tolerance of Islamic preachers among the Imazighen did not guarantee their support for the Ummayad Dynasty - which held control over most of the Islamic Caliphate
Islamic caliphateThe Islamic Caliphate could refer to:*The Umayyad Caliphate*The Abbasid Caliphate.... Their ruling proxies alienated the Imazighen by taxing them heavily; treating convert as second-class citizens; and enslaving the southern and weaker nomadic tribes. As a result, widespread opposition took the form of open revolt in 739-40 under the banner of Kharijite Islam. The Kharijites objected to Ali
AliAli ibn Abi ?alib? was an early Islamic leader. He is seen by Sunni Muslims as the last of the four Rashidun...., the fourth caliph - and made peace with the Umayyads in 657 and left Ali's camp (khariji means "those who leave"). The Kharijites had been fighting Umayyad rule in the East, and many Imazighen were attracted by the sect's egalitarian precepts. The issue at hand is the same Numidians had fought against with the Romans (State Religion) whereby the control of the faith is an inherited right of the those in control of the state. Accordingly, a new sect known as Kharijism was born on the premise that any suitable Muslim could be elected caliph without regard to race, station, or descent from the Prophet Muhammad
MuhammadMuhammad 570-632 CE, was an Arab religious and political leader and the historical founder of Islam.....After the revolt, Kharijites established a number of tribal kingdoms in the North African highlands - most of which simply abandoned and rejected Islam altogether and remained separate thereafter. Their safety was purchased with taxation without representation. A set of Islamic representatives and tax collectors were established as attache's, and known as the Marabouts from the Arabic
Arabic languageThe Arabic language , or simply Arabic , is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages language family and is closely related to Hebrew language and Aramaic language....word "mourabitoun" or attaches whose role was restricted to that of a relay between local tribal council of elders of the tribes Aarch
AarchAarch is a supporting protagonist in the animated series, Galactik Football. He is the coach of the Snow Kids, and being a former player himself has a wide range of knowledge he intends to use to help his players master control over the Flux to win t...and the central authority in Tunis. They had neither mosquss nor authority. Their houses served as their quarters and were commonly constructed with a dome above whose Abavic term is qoba and Amazigh one ta qobe-tt(little dome). Other regions and tribes, however, like Sijilmasa
SijilmasaSijilmasa was a mediaeval trade centre in the western Maghreb.Sijilmasa was an oasis town south west of Fez, Morocco on the northern edge of the Sahara, overlooking the Ziz River....and Tilimsan
TlemcenTlemcen, sometimes spelled Tlemsen, is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the seat of government for the Tlemcen Province of the same name....- which straddled the principal trade routes - proved more viable and prospered. In 750, the Abbasids - who succeeded the Umayyads as the rulers of the Caliphate, moved the caliphate capital to Baghdad and reestablished Islamic authority in Ifriqiya
IfriqiyaIn Middle Ages, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria...., appointing Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab as governor of Kairouan
KairouanKairouan is a city in Tunisia, about 160 kilometres south of Tunis. In 2003 the city had about 150,000 inhabitants..... Although nominally serving at the caliph's pleasure, al-Aghlab and his successors, the Aghlabid
AghlabidThe Aghlabid dynasty of emirs, members of the Arab tribe of Bani Tamim, ruled Ifriqiya, nominally on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph, for about a century, until overthrown by the new power of the Fatimids....s, ruled independently until 909, presiding over a court that became a center for learning and culture.To the west of Aghlabid
AghlabidThe Aghlabid dynasty of emirs, members of the Arab tribe of Bani Tamim, ruled Ifriqiya, nominally on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph, for about a century, until overthrown by the new power of the Fatimids....lands, Abd ar-Rahman ibn-Rustam
RustamidThe Rustamid dynasty of Ibadi Kharijite imams ruled the central Maghreb as a Muslim theocracy for a century and a half from their capital Tahert in present Algeria until the Ismailite Fatimid Caliphs destroyed it....ruled most of the central-west Maghreb from Tahert
TahertTahert is the name of a large Algerian town, one that gives its name to the wider farming region of 'Provinces of Algeria de Tiaret' province in central Algeria...., southwest of Algiers
AlgiersAlgiers is the capital and largest city of Algeria in North Africa. According to the 1998 census the population of the city proper was 1,519,570, whilst the total for the agglomeration was 2,135,630..... The rulers of the Rustamid
RustamidThe Rustamid dynasty of Ibadi Kharijite imams ruled the central Maghreb as a Muslim theocracy for a century and a half from their capital Tahert in present Algeria until the Ismailite Fatimid Caliphs destroyed it....imamate, which lasted from 761 to 909, each an Ibadi
IbadiAl-Iba?iyyah is a form of Islam distinct from the Shi'ite and Sunni denominations. It is the dominant form of Islam in only one Muslim country, Oman....Kharijite imam
ImamImam is an Arabic word meaning "Leader". The ruler of a country might be called the Imam, for example...., were elected by leading citizens. The imams gained a reputation for honesty, piety, and justice. The court at Tahert
TahertTahert is the name of a large Algerian town, one that gives its name to the wider farming region of 'Provinces of Algeria de Tiaret' province in central Algeria....was noted for its support of scholarship in mathematics, astronomy, and astrology, as well as theology and law. The Rustamid
RustamidThe Rustamid dynasty of Ibadi Kharijite imams ruled the central Maghreb as a Muslim theocracy for a century and a half from their capital Tahert in present Algeria until the Ismailite Fatimid Caliphs destroyed it....imams, however, failed, by choice or by neglect, to organize a reliable standing army. This major factor, accompanied by the dynasty's eventual collapse into decadence, opened the way for Tahert's demise under the assault of the Fatimids.
Imazighen in Al-Andalus
The Muslim
MuslimA Muslim is an adherent of Islam. The feminine form of Muslim is Muslimah. Literally, the word means "one who submits to God"....s who entered Iberia
Iberian PeninsulaThe Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. It is the western and southernmost of the three southern European peninsulas ....in 711 were mainly Imazighen (Berbers), and were led by an Amazigh, Tariq ibn Ziyad, though under the suzerainty of the Arab Caliph
CaliphCaliph is the title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. It is a transliterated version of the Arabic word ????? Khalifah which means "successor" or "representative"....of Damascus
DamascusDamascus is the largest city and capital of Syria. Founded approximately 2500 BC, it is thought to be one of List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, before Al Fayyum, and Gaziantep....Abd al-Malik
Abd al-MalikAbd al-Malik ibn MarwanAbd al-Malik became caliph after the death of his father in 685. Within a few years, he dispatched armies under Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef on a campaign to reassert Umayyad control over the Islamic empire....and his North African Viceroy, Musa ibn Nusayr. A second mixed army of Arab
ArabThe Arabs are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, rather than a pure ethnic group, mainly found throughout the Middle East and North Africa....s and Imazighen came in 712 under Ibn Nusayr himself. It is claimed they formed approximately 66% of the Islamic population in Iberia; supposedly they helped the Umayyad caliph Abd ar-Rahman I
Abd ar-Rahman IAbd ar-Rahman I was the founder of a Muslim dynasty that ruled the Al-Andalus for nearly three centuries....in Al-Andalus
Al-AndalusAl-Andalus was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims from 711 to 1492...., because his mother was a Berber. During the Taifa
TaifaThe term taifa in the history of Iberian Peninsula refers to an independent Muslim-ruled principality, an emirate or petty kingdom, of which a number formed in Spain after the final collapse of the Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba in 1031....era, the petty kings came from a variety of ethnic groups; some-- for instance the Zirid
ZiridThe Zirids were a Berber dynasty, originating in Petite Kabylie among the Kutama tribe, that ruled Ifriqiya, initially on behalf of the Fatimids, for about two centuries, until weakened by the Banu Hilal and finally destroyed by the Almohads....kings of Granada
GranadaGranada – Greek language: - Elibyrge; Latin: Illiberis or Illiberi Liberini ; Arabic language: ?????? – is a city and the capital of the province of Granada , in the autonomous communities of Spain of Andalusia,...--were of Amazigh origin. The Taifa period ended when an Amazigh dynasty--the Almoravids from modern-day Western Sahara
Western SaharaWestern Sahara is one of the List of countries by population density, mainly consisting of desert flatlands....and Mauritania
MauritaniaMauritania , officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in northwest Africa....--took over Al-Andalus
Al-AndalusAl-Andalus was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims from 711 to 1492....; they were succeeded by the Almohad
AlmohadThe Almohad Dynasty were a Berber Muslim religion power which founded the fifth Moorish dynasty in the 12th century, and conquered all northern Africa as far as Egypt, together with Al-Andalus ....dynasty from Morocco
MoroccoThe Kingdom of Morocco is a country in North Africa. It has a long coastline on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea...., during which time al-Andalus flourished.In the power hierarchy, Imazighen were situated between the Arabic aristocracy and the Muladi
MuladiMulades were an ethnic group that lived in the Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages.The spanish language word mulad is derived from arabic language muwallad....populace. Ethnic rivalries were one of the factors of Andalusi politics.After the fall of the Caliphate, the taifa kingdoms of Toledo
Toledo, SpainToledo is a city and municipality located in central Spain, about 70 kilometers south of Madrid...., Badajoz
BadajozBadajoz , the capital of the Spain provinces of Spain of Badajoz in the autonomous communities of Spain of Extremadura, is situated close to the Portugal frontier, on the left bank of the river Guadiana, and the Madrid-Lisbon railway...., Mlaga
MlagaMlaga is a port city in Andalusia, southern Spain, on the Costa del Sol coast of the Mediterranean. According the 2006 census the population is 558,287....and Granada had Amazigh rulers.
See also
Berber Revolt
Berber RevoltThe Great Berber Revolt of 12225/74043 took place during the reign of the Umayyad Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik and marked the first successful secession from the caliphate....
Muslim conquest of North Africa
Uqba ibn Nafi
Uqba ibn NafiUqba ibn Nafi was an Arab general under the Umayyad dynasty, who began the Islamic conquest of the Maghreb, including present-day western Algeria and Morocco in North Africa....
Musa bin Nusair
Musa bin NusairMusa bin Nusair was a Yemeni Muslim governor and general under the Umayyads. In 698 he was made the governor of Ifriqiya and was responsible for putting down a large Berber rebellion....
Kahena
Kusaila
KusailaKusaila was a 7th century chief of the Awraba tribe of the Berber people and head of the Sanhadja confederation....
Umayyads
Almohads
Almoravids
AlmoravidsAlmoravides , was a Berber dynasty from the Sahara that flourished over a wide area of Africa and Europe during the 11th century....
The source of this article is Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
AbsoluteAstronomy.com 2009. All Rights Reserved

Tuesday, March 3, 2009

Anti-Berber Arabism








Racist Arabism against the Berber people

The UN documented the racism against Indigenous peoples Multi-ethnic States, The Imazighen Berbers are the indigenous peoples of northern Africa and the Sahel [44]. Despite Arabization's oppression in north-Africa, they are a proud people[45], Morocco's Berbers Battle to Keep Their Culture [46], in 2004 they spoke out and attacked Moroccan state racism [47]. Berber Leader Belkacem Lounes: "There Is No Worse Colonialism Than That of the Pan-Arabist Clan that Wants to Dominate Our People" [48].

Kabylia info writes about oppression and tyranny of its people by Arabic-Islamic colonialism [49], the IHT's description: This is Kabylia, one of Algeria's most restive regions - home to a stubborn and proud ethnic minority of Berbers who since the end of the colonial era four decades ago have fought to preserve their cultural identity and independence [50].

On 28/09/2009 'amazighworld' celebrates the 'national day of the language', in order to denounce the Panarabist racism against political prisoners of the Amazigh issue [51].

http://www.freerepublic.com/~masti/index#Anti-Berber