The Soul of Islam

[Quotes from George Mason's review of Islam and the Psychology of the Musulman by Andre Servier, George Mason at Sixth Column ]


The people [amongst whom Islam arises] . . . live a nomadic and predatory live style, with intense loyalties to families and tribes, and almost complete inability to deal with the future (conceptual range) and creativity. Theirs is close to an aconceptual existence, dominated by impulsivity, emotionality, and progress through looting, versus productivity.

Prior to Islam they had no civilization, nor have they developed one since Islam. They came close by the 9th century A.D., but managed to snatch defeat from the jaws of victory in the nick of time. Their sole creation has been a religion. Islam, said Servier, is a “secretion of the Arab brain.”

The conquering hordes had come from a geographical area devoid of civilization--the Arabian peninsula. The Arabs overwhelmed civilized “neighbors” by means of sheer physical force and barbarity. Those whom they conquered were always much more civilized than these barbarian Muslims, whose primary interests were physical loot, carnality, and the joy of bloodshed using raw power--Bedouin values and virtues sanctioned by Islam.

. . early Muslim Arabs delighted with the inventions, discoveries, arts and sciences, and publications they had looted from the civilizations they conquered. These civilizations had been heavily enculturated through exposure to centuries of Latin, Greek, and certain other civilizations. Syria, Persia, and India were reservoirs of those cultures, and were plundered by the Islamists who moved in to take from them.

Islam[ics] have invented absolutely nothing in their entire history, other than Islam, and yet they have received misattribution after misattribution from many ignorant sources, which have alleged Islamia to have been a high civilization, along the lines of the Arabian Nights (even this was Persian, not Arab). Medievalists mistakenly gave the Islamists credit for the knowledge passed to them from Muslim writings, not realizing that these materials did not originate with Muslims, but had simply been appropriated from others. Later on, in a backlash to Christianity, some Europeans went out of their way to praise Islam for its “high civilization,” as a means of putting Christendom in a bad light. To this day, many people, some of whom ought to know better, still misattribute the status of civilization and culture to Islamic society. Muslims copied, and usually not accurately. What original work they did do became selected histories and writings about grammar. Everything else they attempted to originate has been as universally inferior as it has been scarce.

" . . . the Arab has borrowed everything from other nations, literature, art, science, and even his religious ideas. He has passed it all through the sieve of his own narrow mind, and being incapable of rising to high philosophic conceptions, he has distorted, mutilated and desiccated everything. This destructive influence explains the decadence of Musulman nations and their powerlessness to break away from barbarism…"
-Andre Servier

. . . Inferiority in all intellectual spheres is the spawn of Islam. Wherever Islam takes hold, human progress stops, then regresses to a basal level, where it stays. Quoting Servier, “After a century of Arab domination, there is a complete annihilation of all intellectual culture.”

Prior to 846 A.D. and for a while thereafter, cultural ferment continued to civilize Islamia, because the Arabs enjoyed utilizing their importation of knowledge, particular philosophy, medicine, and the sciences from the conquered territories and could have had their own renaissance.

Servier summarizes (pp 182-183) the end of the Umayyads:

“Islam owed them much; it was they who built up its power. Free from fanaticism, they had left some liberty to the vanquished peoples, and thus in Syria, in Egypt and in Spain, they had allowed Greco-Latin civilization to put forth new flowers. The… [Umayyads], instructed and polished by the Syrians, were to some extent and possibly unconsciously, the heirs and successors of the Byzantine Emperors. As such, they deserve some recognition. With their successors, the Abbassides, there begins the reaction of narrow fanaticism against liberty of conscience; the reign of blind piety and persecution; it is also the reaction of the Arab spirit, coarse and ignorant, against Greco-Latin culture.”

From the mid-9th century to its end, caliphs and clerics established shari’a, and shari’a became the immutable and unquestionable law of Islamia. This was done to stop the disintegration and impending demise of Islam. Doing this ossified Islamia because it was enforced by sword. Philosophers, scientists, and artists were put to death unless they shut up and posed no further threat to the Medina-style Islam which all had to adopt. Within three generations, most progress in Islamia became a thing of the past. Progress slowed until by the time of the Ottomans, no one could remember the old days. And so it has been for at least half of a millennium and will become so for the rest of the world if Islam achieves the power it seeks.

As Servier puts it (page 153),

“Islam was not a torch, as has been claimed, but an extinguisher. Conceived in a barbarous brain for the use of a barbarous people, it was—and it remains—incapable of adapting itself to civilization. Wherever it has dominated, it has broken the impulse towards progress and checked the evolution of society.”

. . the Arabic language becoming fused, from the first, with Islam and this fusion has persisted to this day. The Arabic language, developed among the Bedouins of the Arabian peninsula, became the means expressing Arab subculture. It also became the official language of Islam and was imposed as the official language on all conquered peoples. Few were literate, so the effect of the Arabic-Islamic fusion magnified the effect of Islamizing peoples, and still does. Its importance cannot be overstressed as being the transmission belt for turning a normal child into the Muslim we see today, saw yesterday, and will see tomorrow.

. . . Islam keeps women suppressed, repressed, and ignorant, but it requires that they raise the children. These same women literally brainwash children during their most formative years, until formal Islamic education finishes off these kids in ignorance and illiteracy to keep them and the Islamic subculture utterly stagnant.

Human minds must be thoroughly deformed in childhood for Islam to work as it does. Islam not only closes minds, it welds them shut.

“The deadening influence of Islam is well demonstrated by the way in which the Musulman comports himself at different stages of his life. In his early childhood, when the religion has not as yet impregnated his brain, he shows a very lively intelligence and remarkably open mind, accessible to ideas of every kind; but, in proportion as he grows up, and as, through the system of his education, Islam lays hold of him and envelops him, his brain seems to shut up, his judgment to become atrophied, and his intelligence to be stricken by paralysis and irremediable degeneration.”
-Andre Servier

“…Islam is by no means a negligible element in the destiny of humanity. The mass of three hundred million believers [Editor’s note: This was 1924. Muslims now number over one billion.] is growing daily, because in most Musulman countries the birth-rate exceeds the death-rate, and also because the religious propaganda is constantly gaining new adherents among tribes still in a state of barbarism.” (ibid p. 2)

He adds, and do remember that he writes from the perspective of 1924,

“The number of converts during the last twenty years in British India is estimated at six millions; and a similar progress has been observed in China, Turkestan, Siberia, Malaya and Africa.” (ibid p 2)

He [Servier] also was fully aware of dissimulation which Islam inculcates in Muslims. It is a process of lying by omission, commission, playing multiple levels of meaning against whomever the Muslim deals with. This is the taqiyya which we know well today, and it made Muslims as untrustworthy then as now.

“Islam is a doctrine of death, inasmuch as the spiritual not being separated from the temporal, and every manifestation of activity being subjected to dogmatic law, it formally forbids any change, any evolution, any progress. It condemns all believers to live, to think, and to act as lived, thought and acted the Musulmans of the second century of the Hegira [8th century A.D.], when the law of Islam and its interpretation were definitely fixed.

“In the history of the nations, Islam, a secretion of the Arab brain, has never been an element of civilization, but on the contrary has acted as an extinguisher upon its flickering light. Individuals under Arab rule have only been able to contribute to the advance of civilization in so far as they did not conform to the Musulman dogma, but they relapsed into Arab barbarism as soon as they were obliged to make a complete submission to these dogmas.

“Islamized nations, who have not succeeded in freeing themselves from Musulman tutelage, have been stricken with intellectual paralysis and decadence. They will only escape as they succeed in withdrawing themselves from the control of Musulman law.”

The foregoing is taken from George Mason's excellent summary at his Sixth Column
of Islam and the Psychology of the Musulman by Andre Servier

The entire George Mason review can also be found at When You Hear Someone Shout "Allahu Akbar!"


As for the Soul of Islam, it is barren, it manifests itself in the nihilistic acts of its jihadist adherents and their supporters--whether silent or vociferous--acts that are meaningless and joyless, leading to an emptiness redeemed only by death.

Arab Islamic Warfare - 7th Century

http://www.hindubooks.org/sudheer_birodkar/hindu_history/zoroastrianism.html


The Arab Onslaught

In the early 7th Century, Islam was growing out of Arabia but the Sassanian and Roman empires were still at each others necks. As late as 628 C.E. the Roman and Persians were engaged in active hostilities.

Only six years after that in 634 C.E. the Arabs sent an ultimatum to the Persian Emperor Hormazd and to the then reigning Roman (Byzantine) emperor to embrace Islam or face war. Both empires decided on war. In the year 634 C.E. the Arabs decided first to attack the Persians (Sassanian) in a large way and gave them a shattering blow at the Battle of Cadesia (Quadisiyyah) and captured the Sassanian capital of Ctesiphon (modern Baghdad).

Had the Persians held the Arab hordes at Cadesia, not only would have Persia remained Zoroastrian, but the history of South-Asia would have changed.

The Romans (Byzantines) fared no better. At the battle of Yarmuk only a few days before the battle of Cadesia, the Roman army was defeated by the Arabs and the boundaries of the Roman empire shrank from the Red sea to the Cilician Gates in Turkey. The local Arab population was converted to Islam But the many of the Christian Arabs retreated to the hills of Lebanon. The conflict of the Maronite Christians in Lebanon with the Muslims which we saw in the 1970s owes its ultimate origin to the Islamic-Arab conquest of the 7th century. Meanwhile, the Romans (Byzantines) held the Arabs at the Cilician Gates (A narrow pass in the Taurus mountains in Southern Turkey) for nearly 700 years till the Uthman (Ottoman) Turks bypassed this mountain range to occupy the whole of Turkey and capture the Byzantine capital of Constantinople (Istanbul) in around 1453. The Turks reached Vienna two centuries later but were driven back into Yugoslavia. The Bosnian Muslims are a result of this Muslim-Turkish rule in Europe.


The Coming of Islam

The Zoroastrian Sassanians of Persia fared extremely badly against the Arabs. After their initial defeat at Cadesia, the Arabs gave a second and mortal blow to the Sassanian Empire in 641 C.E. at the battle of Nehavand.

Yazdgard, the last Sassanian emperor died as a refugee ten years later in 651 A.D. The defeat of the Iranians at the hands of the Arabs has been described by an Iranian historian in the following words, "In 636, in Ghadasi, located on the southern parts of Mesopotamia, Rostam-e-Farrokhzaad, chief commander of Iranian armies faced the new power coming from the south: Muslim Arabs. Headed by their greatest army genius, Sa'ad ebn Vaghas, and powered by their new faith, Arabs defeated the Iranian Army. Rostam was killed, and Arabs were walking toward Tispoon, the capital of Iran on the banks of Tigris. Yazdgerd flew Tispoon and went to eastern Iran. Arab invaders captured the glorious capital of Sasanids, and plundered the city’s treasures. Yazdgerd was killed by the hands of a miller in Marv. Arabs conquered the rest of the frightened country, and established their rule over the vast empire of Khosro and Shahpour.

"There is about 1200 hundred years that people talk about this amazing incident. The defeat of Sasanid Empire from bare-foot Arabs was unbelievable. The same country that hold back in front of the well organized Roman legionaries for over 700 years, could not stop the Arabs."

The subsequent history of Iran is that of Islamization and Arabisation. After the Arabs overran the whole of Iran, a small group of Zoroastrians left that country and came to India to seek asylum. they landed at Sanjan, a place in Gujarat around 900 C.E. and have lived in India ever since.

MAINTAIN A STRONG MILITARY

When faced with Islamic aggression

excerpted from Islam Watch:
"Humiliation of Muslims and the coming Siege of Vienna"
By Blake Gartner

[italics, emphasis and text in dark blue mine. lw]

[circa 1000 C.E.] Muslims sensed another opportunity to spread their religion and civilization to the "darkness of barbarism and unbelief", when the Byzantine rulers decided to disband most of their military, preferring to pay mercenaries when troubles arose. The Byzantine army consisted largely of the elderly officers and untrained young kids (for centuries after its destruction, the word "Byzantine" was used to mean "effeminate decadence")**.

This weakness opened the floodgates to Islamic successes. But it so alarmed the weakened West that . . .

Faced with the decaying of what was arguably the only stable, viable state in Europe, the West was again on the brink of annihilation. In 1095, Pope Urban II hoped to organize Christendom around a fight for Jerusalem, a tactic frequently used before and after by Muslims.

. . . gave rise to the Crusades.

Victory followed by defeat

The Crusaders established the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1099. At its height, the Crusader Kingdom was about the size of Israel and West Bank. For more than a hundred years, Muslims could do little about the new country, fighting occasional wars, mostly to contain the Christians. But in the 12th century, a Jihad on Jerusalem was organized. In 1187, settlers lost Jerusalem – it was now the Kingdom of Jerusalem... without Jerusalem. A small strip of land along the seaside of what is now Israel and the southern half of Lebanon was all that remained. Subsequent Crusades recovered Jerusalem, but all was lost when Sultan Khalil captured Acre, the new capital of the Kingdom, and proceeded to either slaughter or enslave all remaining settlers.

The Crusades were a failure. Islam won, forever reinforcing its sense of invincibility against the infidels. I’ve heard many Muslims say, "It took us 200 years to defeat the Crusader Kingdom. Israel has existed less than 60. We have another 140 to destroy it, and we will.*"

But Islam did not stop at the defeat of the Crusader Kingdom. In the 15th century, the Turks finally destroyed the Byzantine Empire, conquering its capital Constantinople.

At the other end of Europe, much of Spain and Portugal was under Islamic rule for 781 years until 1492. Faced with Arab Muslims threatening from the West and Turkish Muslims threatening from the East, Europe struck back with a vengeance again. Spain and Portugal were won back, pushing Islam back into North Africa. But just like the first time when the West responded to Islamic aggression with violent Crusades, the new European attempt to defend itself and even the genocidal Inquisition fell short of taking back everything that was lost. Constantinople remained part of the Islamic world.

In 1526, Sultan Suleiman conquered most of Hungary, with Bulgaria already under his control. Three years later, the Turks reached all the way to Vienna and laid siege to it. The city stood up only because it was attacked too late by a Turkish force that was too tired from prior battles. In 1532, the Ottomans tried again, but faced stiff resistance in western Hungary.

For 150 years, the Ottomans tried to jump from southeastern Europe into its heartland before the epic Battle of Vienna. This time, the siege began in July of 1683. During the siege, 10,000 Viennese troops were surrounded by 140,000 Turks. They would probably fail, and allow Islam into the center of Europe, but King Jan III Sobieski of Poland sent a 30,000 man army to protect the city, possibly saving the Western civilization. The Battle of Vienna began on September 11. When the battle was over next day, 4,000 Christians had been killed – and 15,000 Muslims. Vienna survived again.

The rest is history. The Enlightenment and later the Industrial Revolution sent the West far ahead of Islam. In the 19th century, Napoleon showed just show dominant Christendom was over Islam. The Caliphate was eliminated when the Ottoman Empire ceased to exist. The West stopped fearing Muslims, viewing them as nothing more than "oil cows". And Islam truly ceased being a power.

That, of course, is what the West wanted to believe. Truth is that Christendom still didn’t recover most of the territories lost since the rise of Islam. Constantinople (now Istanbul), Egypt, Syria, Bosnia and Chechnya were all Christian lands in the past.

Islam did not invade the West continuously for a thousand years. Instead, there were many generations of peace, but that peace was eventually always interrupted by Muslim attacks on Europe. Each time Christians lost large parts of their territory, then fought back, but never fully recovered the lost territories.

For two centuries now, the West was strong enough to ignore the threat from the south. But Muslims felt "humiliated" because they did not have the strongest army, the wealthiest economy and the dominant political power.

Islam began to resurge in the 1960s (some say in the 1920s, but Islamists weren’t strong enough until after Israel "humiliated" Arab nationalists in 1967). First came terror. Then global Jihad. In the 1990s, massive Islamic immigration into Europe began to threaten a demographic takeover. Islam is on the move again. Will Vienna be under siege once more?

All of the above from Islam Watch


Blake Gartner's
Humiliation of Muslims and the coming Siege of Vienna


The following two footnotes are mine. Leslie White

______________________________
* Regarding Moslems boasting, "It took us 200 years to defeat the Crusader Kingdom. Israel has existed less than 60. We have another 140 to destroy it, and we will." There is a difference. The Crusaders could "go home." The Jews of Israel "are home;" they have no other place to go. They must either die under an Islamic onslaught or count on the "mercy" of conquering Islamics. Even with incompetents such as Ehud Olmert and his corrupt government, I wager that Israel will not count on the "mercy" of the Mohammedans. The Islamics have been taught by koran and ahadith, by learning about the life of Mahomet, that Jews are subhumans, descended from "apes and pigs (sic);" they hate Jews with a hatred ingested with their mothers' milk.

Israel has a strong military, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), but Israel has a weakness: a hope for "peace" with the Arabs, conjoined with an abyssmal ignorance of Islam and its teachings. In attempting to achieve "peace with Islam, Israeli governments look for approval towards the other Western nations, especially the United States. To show its "moral high-mindedness," Israel cares more for the well-being of its Arab-Islamic enemies than it does for either its soldiers or its citizens. The soldiers must fight house-to-house to "spare Islamic lives," while Israeli citizens must endure rocket barrages, apparently so as not to further enrage their enemies.

The mentally impaired U.S. President has ordered Israel to set up a "Palestinian State." (It was something that he has been dreaming of ever since he gained power, whether to please his Saudi cohorts or to have another "democratic" shariah state ["Palestine"] in the Middle East, besides Iraq, is difficult to distinguish.)

Israeli prime minsiters have always followed Washington's orders and tried to comply in setting up the "Palestinian" state. What no one is saying is that the "Palestinian" Arabs do not want "peace with Israel" or a state alongside the Jewish state. The "Palestinian" Islamics want Israel.

BUT, what is most important, and gives us a valuable insight into the Islamic mind, is the statement:

"It took us 200 years to defeat the Crusader Kingdom. Israel has existed less than 60. We have another 140 to destroy it, and we will"

Why is that important? Because the Islamic revels in the glories of the past. He re-fights those battles of the past--when Mohammedans were victorious. He will base his present-day tactics on battles and Islamic victories of the past.

Or on words in the koran.

Osama bin Laden is of this mindset. He harkens back to the koran. he connects the present with past Islamic victories or humiliations--to either repeat the victories or blot out the humiliations.

Take the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York, NY, U.S.A. , for example.

Tower, towers.

"Wherever you are, death will find you, even in the looming tower."

Usama bin Laden used these words from the Koran in a video-taped speech to the 9/11 hijackers: [4]

The video was found on a computer in Hamburg after the attacks.

[4]The Koran, 4th Sura, "The Women" (7.8). In some translations "looming" becomes "lofty." See: Dexter Filken, New York Times, "The Plot Against America," 6 August 2006.

The foregoing material re the Usama bin Laden videotape and the "looming" or "lofty" tower comes from The Intelligence Officer's Bookshelf


The koran warns that wherever you are, even in in a lofty tower, death will find you. This came true for near 3000 of us, near 3000 too many, when a bunch of determined Arab Moslems crashed two planes full of passengers into the twin towers.

What gave Osama bin Laden the idea are the words of the koran originating from the 7th century on or so. Those words suddenly make the connection for us to to 2001 C.E. New York City, United States of America and the twin towers of the World Trade Center.

Koran "towers" in Sura 004.078

Here is the verse--with the three translations from http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/quran/004.qmt.html

004.078

YUSUFALI: "Wherever ye are, death will find you out, even if ye are in towers built up strong and high!" If some good befalls them, they say, "This is from Allah"; but if evil, they say, "This is from thee" (O Prophet). Say: "All things are from Allah." But what hath come to these people, that they fail to understand a single fact?

PICKTHAL: Wheresoever ye may be, death will overtake you, even though ye were in lofty towers. Yet if a happy thing befalleth them they say: This is from Allah; and if an evil thing befalleth them they say: This is of thy doing (O Muhammad). Say (unto them): All is from Allah. What is amiss with these people that they come not nigh to understand a happening?

SHAKIR: Wherever you are, death will overtake you, though you are in lofty towers, and if a benefit comes to them, they say: This is from Allah; and if a misfortune befalls them, they say: This is from you. Say: All is from Allah, but what is the matter with these people that they do not make approach to understanding what is told (them)?
[emphasis mine. lw]

The Looming Tower is the title of a book about al Qaeda and what led up to September 11, 2001 and the attack on America by Arab Mohammedans who hijacked our airplanes.

The title is based by its author, Lawrence Wright, on a sentence in the fourth sura of the Koran:

"WHEREVER YOU ARE, DEATH WILL FIND YOU, EVEN IN THE LOOMING TOWER."
http://islamic-danger.blogspot.com/2007/03/plot-against-america-review-by-dexter.html

You want to read the first chapter of Lawrence Wright's "Tower" book? Well, you can, see right here:

The Looming Tower - First Chapter
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/books/chapters/0806-1st-wrig.html?_r=1&oref=slogin

A review of the book The Looming Tower can be found at Central Intelligence Agency Web site


To understand Islamic actions today look to the past.


Therefore, my fellow-Western friends, it behooves us to become familiar with, to study, past struggles against the Mahometans, to see their tactics--whether they can be applied today--to understand how the Islamics were defeated in the past. History is the key to our victory over islam. Islam delenda est.





La Turquie, cheval de Troie islamique?












The Trojan horse rendering is from the European Resistance Blogs to whom a grateful hat tip is due. The Trojan Horse picture is captioned, "Turkey, the Islamic Trojan Horse?"

The Islamic Trojan Horse, however, also refers to the Islamics that are "peacefully" invading our Western countries, whether via the American State Department's "visa express," suicidal "asylum laws" or wide-open borders and lack of internal control of Islamic foreigners--whether visa residents or citizens (whose loyalty is not dual, but always first to Islam, Shariah, and the Koran) .

delenda est Islam

AND . . .

**An Opportunity Missed!

By the Byzantines, with whom we started this post

Had these Byzantines ("weak sisters") had a Strong Military, the could have nipped Islam in the bud--and saved themselves from its horrors.

from History of Islamic Imperialism

Two years before Muhammad's death of a fever, he launches the Tabuk Crusades, in which he led 30,000 jihadists against the Byzantine Christians. He had heard a report that a huge army had amassed to attack Arabia, but the report turned out to be a false rumor. The Byzantine army never materialized. He turned around and went home, but not before extracting 'agreements' from northern tribes. They could enjoy the 'privilege' of living under Islamic 'protection' (read: not be attacked by Islam), if they paid a tax (jizya).


History of Islamic Imperialism

read it



and never forget






delenda est Islam





-30-

History of Islamic Imperialism

By James Arlandson

Historical facts say that Islam has been imperialistic—and would still like to be, if only for religious reasons. Many Muslim clerics, scholars, and activists, for example, would like to impose Islamic law around the world. Historical facts say that Islam, including Muhammad, launched their own Crusades against Christianity long before the European Crusades.

Today, Muslim polemicists and missionaries, who believe that Islam is the best religion in the world, claim that the West has stolen Islamic lands and that the West (alone) is imperialistic.One hardline Muslim emailer to me said about the developed West and the undeveloped Islamic countries: 'You stole our lands' and then he held his finger on the exclamation key to produce a long string of them.

Thus imperialism, a word that has reached metaphysical levels and that is supposed to stop all debates and answer all questions, explains why Islamic countries have not kept up with the West. The emailer did not look inwardly, as if his own culture and religion may play a role. Instead, it is always the West's fault.

Westerners—even academics—accept the notion that the West alone was aggressive. It seems that Islam is always innocent and passive. It is difficult to uncover the source of this Western self—loathing. It is, however, a pathology that seems to strike Westerners more than other people around the globe. This anti—West pathology shows up in Westerners' hatred for the European Crusades in the Medieval Age.

It must be admitted that there is much to dislike about the European Crusades. If they are contrasted with the mission and ministry of Jesus and the first generations of Christians, then the Crusades do not look so good. But did the Europeans launch the first Crusade in a mindless, bloodthirsty and irrational way, or were there more pressing reasons? Were they the only ones to be militant?

The purpose of this article is not to justify or defend European Crusades, but to explain them, in part—though scholarship can go a long way to defend and justify them

In this article, the word 'crusade' (derived from the Latin word for 'cross') in an Islamic context means a holy war or jihad. It is used as a counterweight to the Muslim accusation that only the Europeans launched crusades. Muslims seem to forget that they had their own, for several centuries before the Europeans launched theirs as a defense against the Islamic expansion.

We will employ a partial timeline spanning up to the first European response to Islamic imperialism, when Pope Urban II launched his own Crusade in 1095. The timeline mostly stays within the parameters of the Greater Middle East. The data in bold print are of special interest for revealing early Islamic atrocities, their belief in heroism in warfare, or politics today.

The Islamic Crusades were very successful. The Byzantines and Persian Empires had worn themselves out with fighting, so a power vacuum existed. Into this vacuum stormed Islam.

After the timeline, two questions are posed, which are answered at length

The Timeline

630 Two years before Muhammad's death of a fever, he launches the Tabuk Crusades, in which he led 30,000 jihadists against the Byzantine Christians. He had heard a report that a huge army had amassed to attack Arabia, but the report turned out to be a false rumor. The Byzantine army never materialized. He turned around and went home, but not before extracting 'agreements' from northern tribes. They could enjoy the 'privilege' of living under Islamic 'protection' (read: not be attacked by Islam), if they paid a tax (jizya).

This tax sets the stage for Muhammad's and the later Caliphs' policies. If the attacked city or region did not want to convert to Islam, then they paid a jizya tax. If they converted, then they paid a zakat tax. Either way, money flowed back to the Islamic treasury in Arabia or to the local Muslim governor.

632—634 Under the Caliphate of Abu Bakr the Muslim Crusaders reconquer and sometimes conquer for the first time the polytheists of Arabia. These Arab polytheists had to convert to Islam or die. They did not have the choice of remaining in their faith and paying a tax. Islam does not allow for religious freedom.

633 The Muslim Crusaders, led by Khalid al—Walid, a superior but bloodthirsty military commander, whom Muhammad nicknamed the Sword of Allah for his ferocity in battle (Tabari, 8:158 / 1616—17), conquer the city of Ullays along the Euphrates River (in today's Iraq). Khalid captures and beheads so many that a nearby canal, into which the blood flowed, was called Blood Canal (Tabari 11:24 / 2034—35).

634 At the Battle of Yarmuk in Syria the Muslim Crusaders defeat the Byzantines. Today Osama bin Laden draws inspiration from the defeat, and especially from an anecdote about Khalid al—Walid. An unnamed Muslim remarks: 'The Romans are so numerous and the Muslims so few.' To this Khalid retorts: 'How few are the Romans, and how many the Muslims! Armies become numerous only with victory and few only with defeat, not by the number of men. By God, I would love it . . . if the enemy were twice as many' (Tabari, 11:94 / 2095). Osama bin Ladin quotes Khalid and says that his fighters love death more than we in the West love life. This philosophy of death probably comes from a verse like Sura 2:96. Muhammad assesses the Jews: '[Prophet], you are sure to find them [the Jews] clinging to life more eagerly than any other people, even polytheists' (MAS Abdel Haleem, The Qur'an, Oxford UP, 2004; first insertion in brackets is Haleem's; the second mine).

634—644 The Caliphate of Umar ibn al—Khattab, who is regarded as particularly brutal.

635 Muslim Crusaders besiege and conquer of Damascus

636 Muslim Crusaders defeat Byzantines decisively at Battle of Yarmuk.

637 Muslim Crusaders conquer Iraq at the Battle of al—Qadisiyyah (some date it in 635 or 636)

638 Muslim Crusaders conquer and annex Jerusalem, taking it from the Byzantines.

638—650 Muslim Crusaders conquer Iran, except along Caspian Sea.

639—642 Muslim Crusaders conquer Egypt.

641 Muslim Crusaders control Syria and Palestine.

643—707 Muslim Crusaders conquer North Africa.

644 Caliph Umar is assassinated by a Persian prisoner of war; Uthman ibn Affan is elected third Caliph, who is regarded by many Muslims as gentler than Umar.

644—650 Muslim Crusaders conquer Cyprus, Tripoli in North Africa, and establish Islamic rule in Iran, Afghanistan, and Sind.

656 Caliph Uthman is assassinated by disgruntled Muslim soldiers; Ali ibn Abi Talib, son—in—law and cousin to Muhammad, who married the prophet's daughter Fatima through his first wife Khadija, is set up as Caliph.

656 Battle of the Camel, in which Aisha, Muhammad's wife, leads a rebellion against Ali for not avenging Uthman's assassination. Ali's partisans win.

657 Battle of Siffin between Ali and Muslim governor of Jerusalem, arbitration goes against Ali

661 Murder of Ali by an extremist; Ali's supporters acclaim his son Hasan as next Caliph, but he comes to an agreement with Muawiyyah I and retires to Medina.

661—680 the Caliphate of Muawiyyah I. He founds Umayyid dynasty and moves capital from Medina to Damascus

673—678 Arabs besiege Constantinople, capital of Byzantine Empire

680 Massacre of Hussein (Muhammad's grandson), his family, and his supporters in Karbala, Iraq.

691 Dome of the Rock is completed in Jerusalem, only six decades after Muhammad's death.

705 Abd al—Malik restores Umayyad rule.

710—713 Muslim Crusaders conquer the lower Indus Valley.

711—713 Muslim Crusaders conquer Spain and impose the kingdom of Andalus. This article recounts how Muslims today still grieve over their expulsion 700 years later. They seem to believe that the land belonged to them in the first place.

719 Cordova, Spain, becomes seat of Arab governor

732 The Muslim Crusaders stopped at the Battle of Poitiers; that is, Franks (France) halt Arab advance

749 The Abbasids conquer Kufah and overthrow Umayyids

756 Foundation of Umayyid amirate in Cordova, Spain, setting up an independent kingdom from Abbasids

762 Foundation of Baghdad

785 Foundation of the Great Mosque of Cordova

789 Rise of Idrisid amirs (Muslim Crusaders) in Morocco; foundation of Fez; Christoforos, a Muslim who converted to Christianity, is executed.

800 Autonomous Aghlabid dynasty (Muslim Crusaders) in Tunisia

807 Caliph Harun al—Rashid orders the destruction of non—Muslim prayer houses and of the church of Mary Magdalene in Jerusalem

809 Aghlabids (Muslim Crusaders) conquer Sardinia, Italy

813 Christians in Palestine are attacked; many flee the country

831 Muslim Crusaders capture Palermo, Italy; raids in Southern Italy

850 Caliph al—Matawakkil orders the destruction of non—Muslim houses of prayer

855 Revolt of the Christians of Hims (Syria)

837—901 Aghlabids (Muslim Crusaders) conquer Sicily, raid Corsica, Italy, France

869—883 Revolt of black slaves in Iraq

909 Rise of the Fatimid Caliphate in Tunisia; these Muslim Crusaders occupy Sicily, Sardinia

928—969 Byzantine military revival, they retake old territories, such as Cyprus (964) and Tarsus (969)

937 The Ikhshid, a particularly harsh Muslim ruler, writes to Emperor Romanus, boasting of his control over the holy places

937 The Church of the Resurrection (known as Church of Holy Sepulcher in Latin West) is burned down by Muslims; more churches in Jerusalem are attacked

960 Conversion of Qarakhanid Turks to Islam

966 Anti—Christian riots in Jerusalem

969 Fatimids (Muslim Crusaders) conquer Egypt and found Cairo

c. 970 Seljuks enter conquered Islamic territories from the East

973 Israel and southern Syria are again conquered by the Fatimids

1003 First persecutions by al—Hakim; the Church of St. Mark in Fustat, Egypt, is destroyed

1009 Destruction of the Church of the Resurrection by al—Hakim (see 937)

1012 Beginning of al—Hakim's oppressive decrees against Jews and Christians

1015 Earthquake in Palestine; the dome of the Dome of the Rock collapses

1031 Collapse of Umayyid Caliphate and establishment of 15 minor independent dynasties throughout Muslim Andalus

1048 Reconstruction of the Church of the Resurrection completed

1050 Creation of Almoravid (Muslim Crusaders) movement in Mauretania; Almoravids (aka Murabitun) are coalition of western Saharan Berbers; followers of Islam, focusing on the Quran, the hadith, and Maliki law.

1055 Seljuk Prince Tughrul enters Baghdad, consolidation of the Seljuk Sultanate

1055 Confiscation of property of Church of the Resurrection

1071 Battle of Manzikert, Seljuk Turks (Muslim Crusaders) defeat Byzantines and occupy much of Anatolia

1071 Turks (Muslim Crusaders) invade Palestine

1073 Conquest of Jerusalem by Turks (Muslim Crusaders)

1075 Seljuks (Muslim Crusaders) capture Nicea (Iznik) and make it their capital in Anatolia

1076 Almoravids (Muslim Crusaders) (see 1050) conquer western Ghana

1085 Toledo is taken back by Christian armies

1086 Almoravids (Muslim Crusaders) (see 1050) send help to Andalus, Battle of Zallaca

1090—1091 Almoravids (Muslim Crusaders) occupy all of Andalus except Saragossa and Balearic Islands

1094 Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus I asks western Christendom for help against Seljuk invasions of his territory; Seljuks are Muslim Turkish family of eastern origins; see 970

1095 Pope Urban II preaches first Crusade; they capture Jerusalem in 1099

So it is only after all of the Islamic aggressive invasions that Western Christendom launches its first Crusades.

It could be argued that sometimes the Byzantine and Western European leaders did not behave exemplarily, so a timeline on that subject could be developed. And sometimes the Muslims behaved exemplarily. Both are true. However, the goal of this timeline is to balance out the picture more clearly. Many people regard Islam as an innocent victim, and the Byzantines and Europeans as bullies. This was not always the case.

Moreover, we should take a step back and look at the big picture. If Islam had stayed in Arabia and had not waged wars of conquest, then no troubles would have erupted. But the truth is this: Islam moved aggressively during the Caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar in the seventh century, with other Caliphs continuing well beyond that; only then did the Western Europeans react (see 1094).

It must be noted that Islamic expansion continues until well into the seventeenth century. For example, the Muslims Crusaders conquer Constantinople in 1453 and unsuccessfully besiege Vienna for the second time in 1683 (earlier in 1529). By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Islamic Crusades receded, due to Western resistance. Since that time until the present, Islamic civilization has not advanced very far.

Two questions are posed and then answered at length.

Besides following Muhammad, why else did the Muslims launch their Crusades out of Arabia in the first place?

It is only natural to ask why Islam launched its own Crusades long before Christendom did.

In the complicated Muslim Crusades that lasted several centuries before the European Crusades, it is difficult to come up with a grand single theory as to what launched these Crusades. Because of this difficulty, we let three scholars and two eyewitness participants analyze the motives of the early Islamic Crusades.

1. World religious conquest

Muslim polemicists like Sayyid Qutb assert that Islam's mission is to correct the injustices of the world. What he has in mind is that if Islam does not control a society, then injustice dominates it, ipso facto. But if Islam dominates it, then justice rules it (In the Shade of the Qur'an, vol. 7, pp. 8—15). Islam is expansionist and must conquer the whole world to express Allah's perfect will on this planet, so Qutb and other Muslims believe.

2. 'Unruly' energies in Arabia?

Karen Armstrong, a former nun and well—spoken, prolific author and apologist for Islam, comes up short of a satisfactory justification for the Muslim Crusades:

Once [Abu Bakr] crushed the rebellion [against Islamic rule within Arabia], Abu Bakr may well have decided to alleviate internal tensions by employing the unruly energies within the ummah [Muslim community] against external foes. Whatever the case, in 633 Muslim armies began a new series of campaigns in Persia, Syria and Iraq. (Jerusalem: One City, Three Faiths, New York: Ballantine, 1997, p. 226).

Armstrong also notes that the 'external foes' to Islam in Arabia in 633 are the Persians and the Byzantines, but they are too exhausted after years of fighting each other to pose a serious threat to Islam. Therefore, it moved into a 'power vacuum,' unprovoked (Armstrong p. 227). She simply does not know with certainty why Muslims marched northward out of Arabia.

3. Religion, economy, and political control

Fred M. Donner, the dean of historians specializing in the early Islamic conquests, cites three large factors for the Islamic Crusades. First, the ideological message of Islam itself triggered the Muslim ruling elite simply to follow Muhammad and his conquests; Islam had a divinely ordained mission to conquer in the name of Allah. (The Early Islamic Conquests, Princeton UP, 1981, p. 270). The second factor is economic. The ruling elite 'wanted to expand the political boundaries of the new state in order to secure even more fully than before the trans—Arab commerce they had plied for a century or more' (p. 270). The final factor is political control. The rulers wanted to maintain their top place in the new political hierarchy by having aggressive Arab tribes migrate into newly conquered territories (p. 271).

Thus, these reasons they have nothing to do with just wars of self—defense. Early Islam was merely being aggressive without sufficient provocation from the surrounding Byzantine and Persian Empires.

4. Sheer thrill of conquest and martyrdom

Khalid al—Walid (d. 642), a bloodthirsty but superior commander of the Muslim armies at the time, also answers the question as to why the Muslims stormed out of Arabia, in his terms of surrender set down to the governor of al—Hirah, a city along the Euphrates River in Iraq. He is sent to call people to Islam or pay a 'protection' tax for the 'privilege' of living under Islamic rule (read: not to be attacked again) as dhimmis or second—class citizens. Says Khalid:

'I call you to God and to Islam. If you respond to the call, you are Muslims: You obtain the benefits they enjoy and take up the responsibilities they bear. If you refuse, then [you must pay] the jizyah. If you refuse the jizyah, I will bring against you tribes of people who are more eager for death than you are for life. We will fight you until God decides between us and you.' (Tabari, The Challenge to the Empires, trans. Khalid Yahya Blankinship, NY: SUNYP, 1993, vol. 11, p. 4; Arabic page 2017)

Thus, according to Khalid, religion is early Islam's primary motive (though not the only one) of conquering people.

In a short sermon, Abu Bakr says:

. . . Indeed, the reward in God's book for jihad in God's path is something for which a Muslim should love to be singled out, by which God saved [people] from humiliation, and through which He has bestowed nobility in this world and the next. (Tabari 11:80 / 2083—84)

Thus, the Caliph repeats the Quran's trade of this life for the next, in an economic bargain and in the context of jihad (cf. Suras 4:74; 9:111 and 61:10—13). This offer of martyrdom, agreeing with Donner's first factor, religious motivation, is enough to get young Muslims to sign up for and to launch their Crusades out of Arabia in the seventh century.

Khalid also says that if some do not convert or pay the tax, then they must fight an army that loves death as other people love life (see 634).

5. Improvement of life over that in Arabia

But improvement of life materially must be included in this not—so—holy call. When Khalid perceived that his Muslim Crusaders desired to return to Arabia, he pointed out how luscious the land of the Persians was:

'Do you not regard [your] food like a dusty gulch? By God, if struggle for God's sake and calling [people] to God were not required of us, and there were no consideration except our livelihood, the wise opinion would [still] have been to strike this countryside until we possess it'. . . . (Tabari 11:20 / 2031)

Khalid was from Mecca. At the time of this 'motivational' speech, the Empire of Persia included Iraq, and this is where Khalid is warring. Besides his religious goal of Islamizing its inhabitants by warfare, Khalid's goal is to 'possess' the land.

Like Pope Urban II in 1095 exhorting the Medieval Crusaders to war against the Muslim 'infidels' for the first time, in response to Muslim aggression that had been going on for centuries, Abu Bakr gives his own speech in 634, exhorting Muslims to war against the 'infidels,' though he is not as long—winded as the Pope.

Muslim polemicists believe that Islam spread militarily by a miracle from Allah. However, these five earth—bound reasons explain things more clearly.

Did the Islamic Crusades force conversions by the sword?

Historical facts demonstrate that most of the conquered cities and regions accepted the last of three options that were enforced by the later Muslim Crusaders: (1) fight and die, (2) convert and pay the zakat tax; (3) keep their Biblical faith and pay the jizya tax. Most preferred to remain in their own religion.

However, people eventually converted. After all, Islamic lands are called such for a reason—or many reasons. Why? Four Muslim polemicists whitewash the reasons people converted, so their scholarship is suspect.

1. The polemical answer

First, Malise Ruthven and Azim Nanji use the Quran to explain later historical facts:

'Islam expanded by conquest and conversion. Although it was sometimes said that the faith of Islam was spread by the sword, the two are not the same. The Koran states unequivocally, 'There is no compulsion in religion' (Sura 2:256).' (Historical Atlas of Islam, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard, 2004, 30).

According to them, the Quran says there should be no compulsion, so the historical facts conform to a sacred text. This shaky reasoning is analyzed, below.

Next, David Dakake also references Sura 2:256, and defines compulsion very narrowly. Jihad has been misrepresented as forcing Jews, Christians, and other peoples of the Middle East, Asia and Africa to convert to Islam 'on pain of death.' ('The Myth of Militant Islam,' Islam, Fundamentalism, and the Betrayal of Tradition, ed. J.E.B. Lumbard, Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2004, p. 13). This is too narrow a definition of compulsion, as we shall see, below.

Finally, Qutb, also citing Sura 2:256, is even more categorical:

'Never in its history did Islam compel a single human being to change his faith' (In the Shade of the Qur'an, vol. 8, p. 307).

This is absurd on its face, and it only demonstrates the tendentiousness of Islamic scholarship, which must be challenged at every turn here in the West. For more information and thorough logic, see this article.

2. The historical facts

History does not always follow Scriptures because people do not. Did the vast majority of conquered peoples make such fine distinctions, even if a general amnesty were granted to People of the Book? Maybe a few diehards did, but the majority? Most people at this time did not know how to read or could barely read, so when they saw a Muslim army outside their gates, why would they not convert, even if they waited? To Ruthven's and Nanji's credit, they come up with other reasons to convert besides the sword, such as people's fatigue with church squabbles, a few doctrinal similarities, simplicity of the conversion process, a desire to enter the ranks of the new ruling elite, and so on. But using the Quran to interpret later facts paints the history of Islam into a corner of an unrealistically high standard.

This misguided connection between Scripture and later historical facts does not hold together. Revelations or ideals should not run roughshod over later historical facts, as if all followers obey their Scriptures perfectly.

To his credit, Ibn Khaldun (1332—1406), late Medieval statesman, jurist, historian, and scholar, has enough integrity and candor to balance out these four Muslim apologists, writing a history that is still admired by historians today. He states the obvious:

In the Muslim community, the holy war is a religious duty, because of the universalism of the Muslim mission and (the obligation to) convert everybody to Islam either by persuasion or by force. (The Muqaddimah: an Introduction to History (abridged), trans. Franz Rosenthal, Princeton UP, 1967, p.183)

When the Islamic Crusaders go out to conquer, carrying an Islamic banner inscribed in Arabic of the glory and the truth of their prophet, Ibn Khaldun would not deny that the army's mission, besides the material reasons of conquest, is to convert the inhabitants. Islam is a 'universalizing' religion, and if its converts enter its fold either by persuasion or force, then that is the nature of Islam.

Moreover, Ibn Khaldun explains why a dynasty rarely establishes itself firmly in lands of many different tribes and groups. But it can be done after a long time and employing the following tactics, as seen in the Maghrib (N and NW Africa) from the beginning of Islam to Ibn Khaldun's own time:

The first (Muslim) victory over them and the European Christians (in the Maghrib) was of no avail. They continued to rebel and apostatized time after time. The Muslims massacred many of them. After the Muslim religion had been established among them, they went on revolting and seceding, and they adopted dissident religious opinions many times. They remained disobedient and unmanageable . . . . Therefore, it has taken the Arabs a long time to establish their dynasty in the . . . Maghrib. (p. 131)

Conclusion

Though European Crusaders may have been sincere, they wandered off from the origins of Christianity when they slashed and burned and forced conversions. Jesus never used violence; neither did he call his disciples to use it. Given this historical fact, it is only natural that the New Testament would never endorse violence to spread the word of the true God. Textual reality matches historical reality in the time of Jesus.

In contrast, Muslims who slashed and burned and forced conversions did not wander off from the origins of Islam, but followed it closely. It is a plain and unpleasant historical fact that in the ten years that Muhammad lived in Medina (622—632), he either sent out or went out on seventy—four raids, expeditions, or full—scale wars, which range from small assassination hit squads to the Tabuk Crusade, described above (see 630). Sometimes the expeditions did not result in violence, but a Muslim army always lurked in the background. Muhammad could exact a terrible vengeance on an individual or tribe that double—crossed him. These ten years did not know long stretches of peace.

It is only natural that the Quran would be filled with references to jihad and qital, the latter word meaning only fighting, killing, warring, and slaughtering. Textual reality matches historical reality in the time of Muhammad. And after.

But this means that the Church had to fight back or be swallowed up by an aggressive religion over the centuries. Thus, the Church did not go out and conquer in a mindless, bloodthirsty, and irrational way—though the Christian Crusades were far from perfect.

Islam was the aggressor in its own Crusades, long before the Europeans responded with their own.

James Arlandson can be reached at jamesmarlandson@hotmail.com

Supplemental Material

Please see this two—part article (here and here) for the rules of Islamic warfare. Too often they do not follow simple justice, but were barbaric and cruel, such as permitting sex with newly captured female prisoners of war.

This article goes into more detail on the motives for Islamic expansion and a comparison with Christianity. The second major section discusses the weak Islamic claim on Jerusalem.

This book by Andrew Bostom is the antidote to the false belief that life under Islam was always a bed of roses. Bostom provides many source documents, sometimes translated for the first time. Here are some online samples. This two—part article (here and here) recounts Muslim atrocities in Palestine. This two—part article (here and here) demonstrates that jihad produced the European Crusades.

References

Gil, Moshe. A History of Palestine: 634—1099. Cambridge UP, 1983, 1997.

Nicolle, David. The Armies of Islam. Men—at—Arms. Osprey, 1982.

———. Saladin and the Saracens. Men—at Arms. Osprey, 1986.

———. Armies of the Muslim Conquests. Men—at—Arms. Osprey, 1993.

———. The Moors, the Islamic West. Men—at—Arms. Osprey, 2001

This entire post taken from:

http://www.americanthinker.com/2005/11/the_truth_about_islamic_crusad.html

HOW TO COMBAT ISLAM . . .

ARE YOU READY FOR THE FUTURE?

Immediate and Long-range?

Well, you better be. You better learn . . .

. . . HOW TO COMBAT ISLAM

Lessons fom the Past

[Also see
ISLAMIC WAR STRATEGIES AND TACTICS - I]


How was Islam beaten back from its past incursions into the West? What were the strategies? The tactics used to halt its advances?

First advice, based on past successes for us of the West: stay "liquid." By that is meant, do not take a postion and solidify that position, no matter what, so that it becomes written in stone, rock-hard, or in the instance of George W. Bush, an albatross hanging from your neck. (Albatross, from "The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner" by--who is it?--Coleridge?--where the mariner kills an albatross, it brings bad luck to all aboard, he has to wear it hung around his neck.)

George W. Bush, President of the United States has an albatross with the name of "Iraq, democracy" hanging around his neck. He also has a rotten seagull on a string labelled "Palestinian state" dangling right alongside of the Iraqi albatross. Both have been hanging these so long, they stink--rotten. They've dried out and become rock-hard. Ergo, Bush's postion is his albatross--it brings the ire of this countrymen down on him. The frickin' seagull ain't doing him any good either.

Staying "liquid," means being able to change positions as circumstances require. I know, I am familiar with "Unstable as liquid thou art, thou shalst not prevail." In the case of warfare, however, keeping the enemy guessing gives you an advantage.

Now, how does this connect to historic warfare against Islamic invasions? It means switching alliances and positions (I admit a very un-Western, unfair strategy.) Whom will trust you? You do not betray good and loyal allies. Allies like our US's Saudi Arabia and Pakistan . . . ? Are they with us? Who's to know? They are Islamic States. When it comes to choosing between Islam and us, what will their loyalty make them choose? Look at Pakistan. Or better, don't look, because it'll make your blood boil.

Instances where switching alliances to achieve the goal can be found throughout history. But there is one factor we haven't touched: the goal--you have to have a clearcut goal. (And you must know who your enemy is.) El Cid* wanted Valencia--he got it, and not through the straight and narrow either. The Cossacks wanted . . . what? Wine, women and booty (catch the redundancy?) Yes, but their immediate goal was not to serve the Sultan of Constantinople. [See the post about FEAR on this blog.]

The goal is what you must keep your eye on. Whom do you ally with (an alliance of convenience, a temporary alliance)? Keep your eye on the target--always--sight in on it, then squeeeeze the trigger. You'll get a hit. But of you don't know your goal--what you want--what you really-really want--you're floundering about with the rock-hard albatross and gull and other self-made rules engraved on stone tablets hung around your neck (Geneva Conventions, Two states living side by side, help the [insert some Islamic name} people rebuild their nation as a democracy, no matter what it costs us in money and manpower--dead and wounded.

Now some examples: El Cid, sided with Christian kings and at times Moslem emirs, to get the prize: Valencia. He wanted it as his own fiefdom and attained it. I love the Cossacks's dictum: need will amend law--that's situation ethics. This is "ethics" we are talking about here--not morality.

"Thou shalt not murder," leaves room for you to pursue war. The rest of the ten rules for proper moral conduct can also be followed without compromising your objective.

So what additional rules can we follow? "To thine own self be true and thou canst not be false to any man."' Shakespeare again; he had it down.

Okay, so we have to know and see our goal, a target to aim for. Then we get to that goal by avoiding opposing (enemy) players, then when the goal is there, don't stop! kick the frickin' ball, make that goal! this

What is our--the West's goal? To keep Islam from enslaving or killing us. Stay liquid, agile, fast footwork. No dumb-ass rhino-like charges, short-sighted, no bull going after the cape. If you're gonna play the part of the bull, go for the matador! If you are the rhino, make it a short charge, fast and hit the target, then off you go. The wolverine supposedly pursues its hunter unflinchingly, as long as it takes for the kill. Be a wolverine!

Deception, stealth, hit and retreat, inflict the most damage you can. Do not worry about the "poor wounded enemey." How sad? The stupid West: "How can we help him after we beat him in a battle?" That is not the way to win the war. Iraq is a battle in a war.

Does the Enemy use Deception, lies, and false ceasefires to "peace" to deceive us?

You're looking for justification for dishonesty, deception and lying for "True Believers" (Moslems)? Here are some examples to choose from:

DECEPTION IN ISLAM - THE EVIDENCE

[With thanks to A_Plague_on_Both_Houses, posted at http://jihadwatch.com/

Bukhari:V7B67N427 “The Prophet said, ‘If I take an oath and later find something else better than that, then I do what is better and expiate my oath.’”

Koran 9:3 “Allah and His Messenger dissolve obligations.”

Koran 66:1 “Allah has already sanctioned for you the dissolution of your vows.”

Bukhari:V4B52N268 “Allah’s Apostle said, ‘War is deceit.’”

Koran 4:142 “Surely the hypocrites strive to deceive Allah. He shall retaliate by deceiving them.”

Bukhari:V7B71N661 “Magic was worked on Allah’s Apostle and he was bewitched so that he began to imagine doing things which in fact, he had not done.”

Bukhari:V6B60N8 “Umar said, ‘Our best Koran reciter is Ubai. And in spite of this, we leave out some of his statements because Allah’s Apostle himself said, “Whatever verse or revelation We abrogate or cause to be forgotten We bring a better one.”

Koran 33:11 “In that situation the Believers were sorely tried and shaken as by a tremendous shaking. And behold! The Hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease said: ‘Allah and His Messenger promised us nothing but delusion; they have promised only to deceive us.”

Koran 33:14 “Say: Flight will not avail you if you flee from death, killing, or slaughter. In that case you will not be allowed to enjoy yourselves but a little while. Say, ‘Who will screen you, saving you from Allah if he intends to harm and injure you?’”

Koran 33:21 “You have in (Muhammad) the Messenger of Allah a beautiful pattern of conduct for any one to follow.”

Koran 74:31 “We have appointed nineteen angels to be the wardens of the Hell Fire. We made a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve and We have fixed their number as a trial for unbelievers in order that the people of the Book may arrive with certainty, and that no doubts may be left for the people of the Book, those in whose hearts is a disease. And for those to whom the Scripture Book has been given, and the believers, there should be no doubt. The unbelievers may say, ‘What does the Lord intend by this?’ The Lord will lead astray whomever He pleases, and He will guide whomever He pleases: and none can know the armies of your Lord except He, and this is no other than a warning to mankind.”

Koran 74:52 “Each one of them wants to be given scrolls of revelation spread out! No! By no means! Nay, this is an admonishment. Let them keep it in remembrance! But they will not heed unless the Lord wants them to. He is the fountain of fear.”

Bukhari:V2B24N555 “I heard the Prophet say, ‘Allah hates for you for asking too many questions.’”

Koran 89:5 “There surely is an oath for thinking man.”

Koran 92:8 “We will make smooth for him the path to misery.”

Ishaq:519 “Hajjaj said to the Apostle, ‘I have money scattered among the Meccan merchants, so give me permission to go and get it.’ Having got Muhammad’s permission, he said, ‘I must tell lies.’ The Apostle said, ‘Tell them.’”

Koran 8:58 “If you apprehend treachery from a people with whom you have a treaty, retaliate by breaking off relations with them.”

Koran 47:24 “Do they not understand the Koran? Nay, on the hearts there are locks preventing them from understanding.”

Ishaq:548 “By Allah, the black mass has spread. Abu Bakr said, ‘There is not much honesty among people nowadays.’”

Koran 5:41 “Whomever Allah wants to deceive you cannot help. Allah does not want them to know the truth because he intends to disgrace them and then torture them.”

Koran 5:101 “Believers! Do not ask questions about things which if made plain and declared to you, may vex you, causing you trouble.”

Koran 5:102 “Some people before you did ask such questions, and on that account they lost their faith and became disbelievers.”

Ishaq:567 “Muhammad informed Umar [the second Caliph], and he called the Prophet a liar.”

Tabari IX:36/Ishaq:596 “‘Prophet, this group of Ansar have a grudge against you for what you did with the booty and how you divided it among you own people.’ ‘Ansar, what is this talk I hear from you? What is the grudge you harbor against me? Do you think ill of me? Did I not come to you when you were erring and needy, and then made rich by Allah?’ ‘You came to us discredited, when your message was rejected by the Quraysh, and we believed you. You were forsaken and deserted and we assisted you. You were a fugitive and we took you in, sheltering you. You were poor and in need, and we comforted you.”

Bukhari:V6B60N662 “Allah’s Apostle said, ‘Some eloquent speech is as effective as magic.’”

Tabari VI:110 “When Muhammad brought a revelation from Allah canceling what Satan had cast on the tongue of His Prophet, the Quraysh said, ‘Muhammad has repented of [reneged on] what he said concerning the position of our gods with Allah. He has altered [the bargain] and brought something else.’ Those two phrases which Satan had cast on Muhammad’s tongue of were in the mouth of every polytheist. The Messenger said, ‘I have fabricated things against Allah and have imputed to Him words which He has not spoken.’”

Koran 40:32 “O my People! I fear a Day when there will be mutual wailing. No one shall defend you against Allah. Any whom Allah causes to err, there is no guide. That is how Allah leads the skeptic astray.”

Ishaq:248 “Allah has sealed their hearts and their hearing, blinding them so that they will never find guidance. And that is because they have declared you a liar and they do not believe in what has come down from their Lord to you even though they believe in all that came down before you. For opposing you they will have an awful punishment.”

Koran 2:6 “As for the disbelievers, it is the same whether you warn them or not; they will not believe. Allah has set a seal upon their hearts, upon their hearing, and a covering over their eyes. There is a great torment for them.”

Koran 2:9 “They deceive Allah and those who believe, but they only deceive themselves, and realize (it) not! In their hearts is a disease; and Allah has increased their disease. Grievous is the painful doom they (incur) because they (lie).”

Koran 8:18 “This and surely; Allah weakens the deceitful plots of unbelieving infidels.”

Koran 8:30 “Remember how the unbelievers plotted against you (Muhammad). They plotted, and Allah too had arranged a plot; but Allah is the best schemer.” Ishaq:323 “I am the best of plotters. I deceived them with My guile so that I delivered you from them.”

Koran 8:49 “When the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease said: ‘The religion has deceived and misled them.’”

Koran 8:71 “If they try to deceive you, remember they have deceived Allah before.”

Tabari VII:85/Ishaq:363 “The Jews of the Qaynuqa replied, ‘Muhammad, do you think that we are like your people? Do not be deluded by the fact that you met a people with no knowledge and you made good use of your opportunity.’”

Ishaq:365/Tabari VII:94 “Muhammad bin Maslamah said, ‘O Messenger, we shall have to tell lies.’ ‘Say what you like,’ Muhammad replied. ‘You are absolved, free to say whatever you must.’”

Bukhari:V5B59N369 “Allah’s Apostle said, ‘Who is willing to kill Ka’b bin Ashraf who has hurt Allah and His Apostle?’ Thereupon Muhammad bin Maslamah got up saying, ‘O Allah’s Apostle! Would you like me to kill him?’ The Prophet said, ‘Yes,’ Maslamah said, ‘Then allow me to say false things in order to deceive him.’ The Prophet said, ‘You may say such things.’”

Koran 61:5 “Moses said: ‘O my people, why do you annoy and insult me, when you well know I am Allah’s Messenger?’ Then when they turned away, Allah caused them to be deceived.”

Bukhari:V4B52N233 “Allah’s Apostle forbade the people to travel to a hostile country carrying copies of the Koran. [He said:] Unbelievers will never understand our signs and revelations.”

Ishaq:248 “Allah increases their sickness. A tormented doom awaits the Jews. Allah said, ‘They are mischief makers. They are fools. The Jews deny the truth and contradict what the Apostle has brought. I will mock them and let them continue to wander blindly.’”

Bukhari:V4B52N147 “Allah’s Apostle said, ‘A man may seem as if he were practicing the deeds of Paradise while in fact he is from the people of Hell.’”

Koran 13:27 “Say, ‘God leads whosoever He wills astray.’”

Ishaq:383 “One of the young men’s fathers confronted Muhammad and said, ‘You have robbed my son of his life by your deception and brought great sorrow to me.’”

Koran 3:24 “They have been deceived by the lies they have themselves fabricated; their religion has deceived them.”

Ishaq:397 “Then Allah said, ‘It is not for any prophet to deceive.”

Ishaq:442 “By Muhammad’s order we beguiled them.”

Tabari VIII:23 “The Messenger and his Companions continued in the fear and distress that Allah has described in the Koran. Then Nu’aym came to the Prophet. ‘I ‘ve become a Muslim, but my tribe does not know of my Islam; so command me whatever you will.’ Muhammad said, ‘Make them abandon each other if you can so that they will leave us; for war is deception.’”

Ishaq:496 “‘By Allah you lie,’ one said to another. ‘Liar yourself!’ ‘You are a disaffected person arguing on behalf of the diseased.”

Bukhari:V4B53N408 “When the Prophet wanted to perform the Umrah, the Quraysh stipulated that he could not preach (Islam). So Ali started writing a treaty. ‘This is what Muhammad, Apostle of Allah, has agreed to.’ The (Meccans) said, ‘If we believed that you were the Apostle of Allah we would have followed you. So write, ‘This is what Muhammad bin Abdallah has agreed to.’ The Apostle could not write, so he asked Ali to erase the expression: ‘Apostle of Allah.’ On that Ali said, ‘I will never erase it.’ Muhammad said, ‘Let me see the paper.’ The Prophet
erased the expression with his own hand.”

Posted by: A_Plague_on_Both_Houses (and many thanks) http://jihadwatch.com/

Note: This post was first published at "Islamic Danger" on October 10, 2006.
___________________________
*RECONQUISTA REFERENCES (INCLUDING TO EL CID)

LA RECONQUISTA (THE RECONQUEST--of SPAIN)
http://islamicdangerhistory.blogspot.com/2007/12/la-reconquista-reconquest-of-spain.html

More About La Reconquista
http://islamicdangerhistory.blogspot.com/2007/12/more-about-la-reconquista-first-little.html

El Cid
http://islamicdangerhistory.blogspot.com/2007/12/el-cid-c.html

THE RECONQUISTA AND THE CID
http://islamicdangerhistory.blogspot.com/2007/12/reconquista-and-cid-how-does-this.html

Islamic History (Chronology)


The Chronology of Islam will be helpful for our study of the wars of Islam throughout history.

Caveat (Beware!): This is from an An Islamic da'awa (propaganda) site, hence, pro-Islam, proselytizing site, located in Karachi, Pakistan.

http://www.barkati.net/english/chronology.htm

6th Century (500-599) C.E.

545:
Birth of Abdullah, the Holy Prophet's father.
571:
Birth of the Holy Prophet. Year of the Elephant. Invasion of Makkah by Abraha the Viceroy of Yemen, his retreat.
577:
The Holy Prophet visits Madina with his mother. Death of his mother.
580:
Death of Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of the Holy Prophet.
583:
The Holy Prophet's journey to Syria in the company of his uncle Abu Talib. His meeting with the monk Bahira at Bisra who foretells of his prophethood.
586:
The Holy Prophet participates in the war of Fijar.
591:
The Holy Prophet becomes an active member of "Hilful Fudul", a league for the relief of the distressed.
594:
The Holy Prophet becomes the Manager of the business of Lady Khadija, and leads her trade caravan to Syria and back.
595:
The Holy Prophet marries Hadrat Khadija. Seventh century

7th Century (600-699) C.E.
605:
The Holy Prophet arbitrates in a dispute among the Quraish about the placing of the Black Stone in the Kaaba.
610:
The first revelation in the cave at Mt. Hira. The Holy Prophet is commissioned as the Messenger of God.
613:
Declaration at Mt. Sara inviting the general public to Islam.
614:
Invitation to the Hashimites to accept Islam.
615:
Persecution of the Muslims by the Quraish. A party of Muslims leaves for Abyssinia.
616:
Second Hijrah to Abysinnia.
617:
Social boycott of the Hashimites and the Holy Prophet by the Quraish. The Hashimites are shut up in a glen outside Makkah.
619:
Lifting of the boycott. Deaths of Abu Talib and Hadrat Khadija. Year of sorrow.
620:
Journey to Taif. Ascension to the heavens.
621:
First pledge at Aqaba.
622:
Second pledge at Aqaba. The Holy Prophet and the Muslims migrate to Yathrib.
623:
Nakhla expedition.
624:
Battle of Badr. Expulsion of the Bani Qainuqa Jews from Madina.
625:
Battle of Uhud. Massacre of 70 Muslims at Bir Mauna. Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews from Madina. Second expedition of Badr.
626:
Expedition of Banu Mustaliq.
627:
Battle of the Trench. Expulsion of Banu Quraiza Jews.
628:
Truce of Hudaibiya. Expedition to Khyber. The Holy Prophet addresses letters to various heads of states.
629:
The Holy Prophet performs the pilgrimage at Makkah. Expedition to Muta (Romans).
630:
Conquest of Makkah. Battles of Hunsin, Auras, and Taif.
631:
Expedition to Tabuk. Year of Deputations.
632:
Farewell pilgrimage at Makkah.
632:
Death of the Holy Prophet. Election of Hadrat Abu Bakr as the Caliph. Usamah leads expedition to Syria. Battles of Zu Qissa and Abraq. Battles of Buzakha, Zafar and Naqra. Campaigns against Bani Tamim and Musailima, the Liar.
633:
Campaigns in Bahrain, Oman, Mahrah Yemen, and Hadramaut. Raids in Iraq. Battles of Kazima, Mazar, Walaja, Ulleis, Hirah, Anbar, Ein at tamr, Daumatul Jandal and Firaz.
634:
Battles of Basra, Damascus and Ajnadin. Death of Hadrat Abu Bakr. Hadrat Umar Farooq becomes the Caliph. Battles of Namaraq and Saqatia.
635:
Battle of Bridge. Battle of Buwaib. Conquest of Damascus. Battle of Fahl.
636:
Battle of Yermuk. Battle of Qadsiyia. Conquest of Madain.
637:
Conquest of Syria. Fall of Jerusalem. Battle of Jalula.
638:
Conquest of Jazirah.
639:
Conquest of Khuizistan. Advance into Egypt.
640:
Capture of the post of Caesaria in Syria. Conquest of Shustar and Jande Sabur in Persia. Battle of Babylon in Egypt.
641:
Battle of Nihawand. Conquest Of Alexandria in Egypt.
642:
Battle of Rayy in Persia. Conquest of Egypt. Foundation of Fustat.
643:
Conquest of Azarbaijan and Tabaristan (Russia).
644:
Conquest of Fars, Kerman, Sistan, Mekran and Kharan.Martyrdom of Hadrat Umar. Hadrat Othman becomes the Caliph.
645:
Campaigns in Fats.
646:
Campaigns in Khurasan, Armeain and Asia Minor.
647:
Campaigns in North Africa. Conquest of the island of Cypress.
648:
Campaigns against the Byzantines.
651:
Naval battle of the Masts against the Byzantines.
652:
Discontentment and disaffection against the rule of Hadrat Othman.
656:
Martyrdom of Hadrat Othman. Hadrat Ali becomes the Caliph. Battle of the Camel.
657:
Hadrat Ali shifts the capital from Madina to Kufa. Battle of Siffin. Arbitration proceedings at Daumaut ul Jandal.
658:
Battle of Nahrawan.
659:
Conquest of Egypt by Mu'awiyah.
660:
Hadrat Ali recaptures Hijaz and Yemen from Mu'awiyah. Mu'awiyah declares himself as the Caliph at Damascus.
661:
Martyrdom of Hadrat Ali. Accession of Hadrat Hasan and his abdication. Mu'awiyah becomes the sole Caliph.
662:
Khawarij revolts.
666:
Raid of Sicily.
670:
Advance in North Africa. Uqba b Nafe founds the town of Qairowan in Tunisia. Conquest of Kabul.
672:
Capture of the island of Rhodes. Campaigns in Khurasan.
674:
The Muslims cross the Oxus. Bukhara becomes a vassal state.
677:
Occupation of Sarnarkand and Tirmiz. Siege of Constantinople.
680:
Death of Muawiyah. Accession of Yazid. Tragedy of Kerbala and martyrdom of Hadrat Hussain.
682:
In North Africa Uqba b Nafe marches to the Atlantic, is ambushed and killed at Biskra. The Muslims evacuate Qairowan and withdraw to Burqa.
683:
Death of Yazid. Accession of Mu'awiyah II.
684:
Abdullah b Zubair declares himself aS the Caliph at'Makkah. Marwan I becomes the Caliph' at Damascus. Battle of Marj Rahat.
685:
Death of Marwan I. Abdul Malik becomes the Caliph at Damascus. Battle of Ain ul Wada.
686:
Mukhtar declares himself as the Caliph at Kufa.
687:
Battle of Kufa between the forces of Mukhtar and Abdullah b Zubair. Mukhtar killed.
691:
Battle of Deir ul Jaliq. Kufa falls to Abdul Malik.
692:
The fall of Makkah. Death of Abdullah b Zubair. Abdul Malik becomes the sole Caliph.
695:
Khawarij revolts in Jazira and Ahwaz. Battle of the Karun. Campaigns against Kahina in North Africa. The' Muslims once again withdraw to Barqa. The Muslims advance in Transoxiana and occupy Kish.


8th Century (700-799) C.E.
700:
Campaigns against the Berbers in North Africa.
702:
Ashath's rebellion in Iraq, battle of Deir ul Jamira.
705:
Death of Abdul Malik. Accession of Walid I as Caliph.
711:
Conquest of Spain, Sind and Transoxiana.
712:
The Muslims advance in Spain, Sind and Transoxiana.
713:
Conquest of Multan.
715:
Death of Walid I. Accession of Sulaiman.
716:
Invasion of Constantinople.
717:
Death of Sulaiman. Accession of Umar b Abdul Aziz.
720:
Death of Umar b Abdul Aziz. Accession of Yazid II.
724:
Death of Yazid II. Accession of Hisham.
725:
The Muslims occupy Nimes in France.
732:
The battle of Tours in France.
737:
The Muslims meet reverse at Avignon in France.
740:
Shia revolt under Zaid b Ali. Berber revolt in North Africa. Battle of the Nobles.
741:
Battle of Bagdoura in North Africa.
742:
The Muslim rule restored in Qiarowan.
743:
Death of Hisham. Accession of Walid II. Shia revolt in Khurasan under Yahya b Zaid.
744:
Deposition of Walid I1. Accession of Yazid II1 and his death. Accession of Ibrahim and his overthrow. Battle of Ain al Jurr. Accession of Marwan II.
745:
Kufa and Mosul occupied by the Khawarjites.
746:
Battle of Rupar Thutha, Kufa and Mosul occupied by Marwan II.
747:
Revolt of Abu Muslim in Khurasan.
748:
Battle of Rayy.
749:
Battles of lsfahan and Nihawand. Capture of Kufa by the Abbasids. As Saffah becomes the Abbasid Caliph at Kufa.
750:
Battle of Zab. Fall of Damascus. End of the Umayyads.
751:
Conquest of Wasit by the Abbasid. Murder of the Minister Abu Salama.
754:
Death of As Saffah. Accession of Mansur as the Caliph.
755:
Revolt of Abdullah b Ali. Murder of Abu Muslim. Sunbadh revolt in Khurasan.
756:
Abdul Rahman founds the Umayyad state in Spain.
762:
Shia revolt under Muhammad (Nafs uz Zakia) and Ibrahim.
763:
Foundation of Baghdad. Defeat of the Abbasids in Spain.
767:
Khariji state set up by Ibn Madrar at Sijilmasa. Ustad Sees revolt in Khurasan.
772:
Battle of Janbi in North Africa. Rustamid. state set up in Morocco.
775:
Death or the Abbasid Caliph Mansur, Accession of Mahdi,
777:
Battle of Saragossa in Spain.
785:
Death of the Caliph Mahdi. Accession of Hadi.
786:
Death of Hadi. Accession of Harun ur Rashid.
788:
Idrisid state set up in the Maghrib. Death of Abdul Rahman of Spain, and accession of Hisham.
792:
Invasion of South France.
796:
Death of Hisham in Spain; accession of al Hakam.
799:
Suppression of the revolt of the Khazars. Ninth century.

9th Century (800-899) C.E.
800:
The Aghlabid rule is established in North Africa.
803:
Downfall of the Barmakids. Execution of Jafar Barmki.
805:
Campaigns against the Byzantines. Capture of the islands of Rhodes and Cypress.
809:
Death of Harun ur Rashid. Accession of Amin.
814:
Civil war between Amin and Mamun. Amin killed and Mamun becomes the Caliph.
815:
Shia revolt under Ibn Tuba Tabs.
816:
Shia revolt in Makkah; Harsama quells the revolt. In Spain the Umayyads capture the island of Corsica.
817:
Harsama killed.
818:
The Umayyads of Spain capture the islands of Izira, Majorica, and Sardinia.
819:
Mamun comes to Baghdad.
820:
Tahir establishes the rule of the Tahirids in Khurasan.
822:
Death of AI Hakam in Spain; accession of Abdul Rahman. II.
823:
Death of Tahir in Khurasan. Accession of Talha and his deposition. Accession of Abdullah b Tahir.
827:
Mamun declares the Mutazila creed as the state religion.
833:
Death of Mamun. Accession of Mutasim.
836:
Mutasim shifts the capital to Samarra. 837 Revolt of the Jats.
838:
Revolt of Babek in Azarbaijan suppressed.
839:
Revolt of Maziar in Tabaristan. The Muslims occupy South Italy. Capture of the city of Messina in Sicily.
842:
Death of Mutasim, accession of Wasiq.
843:
Revolts of the Arabs.
847:
Death of Wasiq, accession of Mutawakkil.
850:
Mutawakkil restores orthodoxy.
849:
Death of the Tahirid ruler Abdullah b Tahir; accession of Tahir II.
852:
Death of Abdur Rahman II of Spain;. accession of Muhammad I.
856:
Umar b Abdul Aziz founds the Habbarid rule in Sind.
858:
Mutawakkil founds the town of Jafariya.
860:
Ahmad founds the Samanid rule in Transoxiana.
861:
Murder of the Abbasid Caliph Mutawakkil; accession of Muntasir.
862:
Muntasir poisoned to death; accession of Mutasin.
864:
Zaidi state established in Tabaristan by Hasan b Zaid.
866:
Mutasim flies from Samarra, his depostion and accession of Mutaaz.
867:
Yaqub b Layth founds the Saffarid rule in Sistan.
868:
Ahmad b Tulun founds the Tulunid rule in Egypt.
869:
The Abbasid Caliph Mutaaz forced to abdicate, his death and accession of Muhtadi.
870:
Turks revolt against Muhtadi, his death and accession of Mutamid.
873:
Tahirid rule extinguished.
874:
Zanj revolt in South Iraq. Death of the Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of Nasr.
877:
Death of Yaqubb Layth in Sistan, accession of Amr b Layth.
885:
Death of Ahmad b Tulun in Egypt, accession of Khamar- wiyiah.
866:
Death of Muhammad I the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Munzir. Death of Abdullah b Umar the Habbari ruler of Sind.
888:
Death of Munzir the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Abbullah.
891:
The Qarmatian state established at Bahrain.
892:
Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr, accession of Ismail.
894:
The Rustamids become the vassals of Spain.
896:
Death of the Tulunid ruler Khamarwiyiah; accession of Abul Asakir Jaish.
897:
Assassination of Abul Asakir Jaish; accession of Abu Musa Harun.
898:
Qarmatians sack Basra,
10th Century (900-999) C.E.
902:
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi; death of the Saffarid ruler Amr.
903:
Assassination of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Said; accession of Abu Tahir.
905:
Abdullah b Hamdan founds the Hamdanid rule in Mosul and Jazira. End of the Tulunid rule in Egypt.
907:
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi; accession of Muqtadir,
908:
End of the Saffarid rule, annexation of their territories by the Samanids.
909:
Ubaidullah overthrows the Aghlablds and founds the Fatimid rule in North Africa.
912:
Death of the Umayyad Amir Abdullah in Spain, accession of Abdur Rahman III.
913:
Assassination of the Samanid ruler Ahmad II, accession of Nasr II.
928:
Mardawij b Ziyar founds the Ziyarid rule in Tabaristan.
929:
Qarmatians sack Makkah and carry away the Black Stone from the Holy Kaaba. In Spain, Abdur Rahman III declares himself as the Caliph.
931:
Deposition and restoration of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir. Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Tahir; accession of Abu Mansur.
932:
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir; accession of Al Qahir.
934:
Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph AI Qahir; accession of Ar Radi. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Ubaidullah ; accession of Al Qaim.
935:
Assassination of the Ziyarid ruler Mardawij; accession of Washimgir. Death of Hamdanid ruler Abdullah b Hamdan accession of Nasir ud Daula.
936:
By coup Ibn Raiq becomes the Amir ul Umara.
938:
By another coup power at Baghdad is captured by Bajkam.
940:
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Ar Radi, accession of Muttaqi.
941:
Assassination of Bajkam, capture of power by Kurtakin.
942:
Ibn Raiq recaptures power.
943:
Al Baeidi captures power. The Abbasid Caliph Muttaqi is forced to seek refuge with the Hamdanids. Sail ud Daula captures power at Baghdad and the Caliph returns to' Baghdad. Power is captured by Tuzun and Sail ud Daula retires' to Mosul. Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr II, accession of Nuh.
944:
Muttaqi is blinded and deposed, accession of Mustakafi.
945:
Death of Tuzun. Shirzad becomes Amir ul Umra. The Buwayhids capture power. Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph Mustakafi.
946:
The Qarnaatiana restore the Black Stone to the Holy Kaaba.
954:
Death of the Sasanid ruler Nuh, accession of Abdul Malik.
961:
Death of the Samanid ruler Abdul Malik, accession of Manauf. Alptgin founds the rule of the Ghazanavids. Death of the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Rahman III in Spain; accession of Hakam. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Ungur accession of Abul Hasan Ali.
965:
Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Mansur; accession of Hasan Azam. Assassination of the Ikhshid ruler Abul Hasan Ali; power captured by Malik Kafur.
967:
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Muiz ud Daula, accession of Bakhtiar. Death of the Hamdanid ruler Sail ud Daula.
968:
Byzantines occupy Aleppo. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Malik Kafur; accession of Abul Fawaris.
969:
The Fatimids conquer Egypt.
972:
Buluggin b Ziri founds the rule of the Zirids Algeria.
973:
Shia Sunni disturbances in Baghdad; power captured in Baghdad by the Turkish General Subuktgin.
974:
Abdication of the Abbasid Caliph AI Muttih; accession of At Taii.
975:
Death of the Turk General Subuktgin. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Muizz.
976:
The Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula recaptures power with the help of his cousin Azud ud Daula. Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur, accession of Nuh II. In Spain death of the Umayyad Caliph Hakam, accession of Hisham II.
978:
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula, power captured by Azud ud Daula. The Hamdanids overthrown by the Buwayhids.
979:
Subkutgin becomes the Amir of Ghazni.
981:
End of the Qarmatian rule at Bahrain.
982:
Death of the- Buwayhid Sultan Azud ud Daula; accession of Samsara ud Daula.
984:
Death of the Zirid ruler Buluggin, accession of Mansur.
986:
The Buwyhid Sultan Samsara ud Daula overthrown by Sharaf ud Daula.
989:
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Sharaf ud Daula, accession of Baha ud Daula.
991:
Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph At Taii, accession of AI Qadir.
996:
Death of the Zirid ruler Mansur, accession of Nasir ud Daula Badis.
997:
Death of the Samanid ruler Nuh II, accession of Mansur II.
998:
Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur II, accession of Abdul Malik II. Mahmud becomes the Amir of Ghazni. 999 End of the Samanids.

11th Century (1000-1099) C.E.
1001:
Mahmud Ghazanavi defeats the Hindu Shahis.
1004:
Mahmud captures Bhatiya.
1005:
Mahmud captures Multan and Ghur.
1008:
Mahmud defeats the Rajput confederacy.
1010:
Abdication of Hisham II in Spain. accession of Muhammad.
1011:
In Spain Muhammad is overthrown by Sulaiman.
1012:
In Spain power is captured by Bani Hamud. Death of the Buwayhid Baha ud Daula, accession of Sultan ud Daula.
1016:
Death of the Zirrid ruler Nasir ud Daula Badis; accession of AI Muizz.
1018:
In Spain power is captured by Abdul Rahman IV.
1019:
Conquest of the Punjab by Mahmud Ghazanavi.
1020:
The Buwayhid Sultan ud Daula is Overthrown by Musharaf ud Daula, Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Hakim, accession of Al Zahir.
1024:
In Spain assassination of Abdul Rahman IV, accession of Mustafi.
1025:
Death of the Buwayhid Mushgraf ud Daula, accession of Jalal ud Daula.
1029:
In Spain death of Mustaft, accession of Hisham III.
1030:
Death of Mahmud Ghazanavi.
1031:
In Spain deposition of Hisharn III, and end of the Umayyad rule. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al Qadir, accession of Al Qaim.
1036:
Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Zahir, accession of Mustansir. Tughril Beg is crowned as the king of the Seljuks.
1040:
Battle of Dandanqan, the Seljuks defeat the Ghazanavids. Deposition of Masud the Ghazanavid Sultan, accession of Muhammad. AI Moravids come to power in North Africa.
1041:
The Ghazanavid Sultan Muhammad is overthrown by Maudud.
1044:
Death of the Buwayhid Jalal ud Daula, accession of Abu Kalijar.
1046:
Basasiri captures power in Baghdad.
1047:
The Zirids in North Africa repudiate allegiance to the Fatimid and transfer allegiance to-the Abbasids.
1048:
Death of the Buwayhid Abu Kalijar, accession of Malik ur Rahim.
1050:
Yusuf b Tashfin comes to power .in the Maghrib.
1055:
Tughril Beg overthrows the Buwayhids.
1057:
Basasiri recaptures power in Baghdad, deposes Al Qaim and offers allegiance to the Fatimid Caliph.
1059:
Tughril Beg recaptures power in Baghdad, al Qaim is restored as the Caliph.
1060:
Ibrahim becomes the Sultan of Ghazni. Yusuf b Tashfin founds the city of Marrakesh. The Zirids abandon their capital Ashir and establish their capital at Bougie.
1062:
Death of the Zirid ruler AI Muizz, accession of Tamin.
1063:
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Tughril Beg; accession of Alp Arsalan.
1071:
Battle of Manzikert, the Byzantine emperor taken captive by the Seljuks.
1073:
Death of Alp Arsalan, accession of Malik Shah.
1077:
Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Qaim, accession of AI Muqtadi.
1082:
The A1 Moravids conquer Algeria.
1086:
Battle of Zallakha. The AI Moravids defeat the Christians in Spain. Death of the Rum Sejuk Sultan Sulaiman, accession of Kilij Arsalan.
1091:
The Normans conquer the island of Sicily; end of the Muslim rule.
1092:
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah, accession of Mahmud.
1094:
Death of Mahmud; accession of Barkiaruk. Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Muqtadi, accession of Mustahzir.
1095:
The first crusade.
1099:
The crusaders capture Jerusalem.

12th Century (1100-1199) C.E.
1101:
Death or the Fatimid Caliph Al Mustaali, accession of Al Aamir.
1105:
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Barkiaruk, accession Of Muhammad.
1106:
Death of the AI Motavid Yusuf b Tashfin.
1107:
Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Kilij Arsalan, succession of Malik Shah.
1108:
Death of the Zirid ruler Tamin, accession of Yahya.
1116:
Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah. accession of Rukn ud Din Masud.
1118:
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad; accession of Mahmud II. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustahzir, accession of Mustarshid. In Spain the Christians capture Saragossa.
1121:
Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Aamir, accession of AI Hafiz.
1127:
Imad ud Din Zangi establishes the Zangi rule In Mosul.
1128:
Death of the Khawarzam Shah Qutb ud Din Muhammad; accession of Atsiz.
1130:
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Mahmud II; accession of Tughril Beg II.
1134:
Assassination of the Abbasid Caliph Mustarshid; accession of Al Rashid. Death of the Seljuk Sultan Tughril Beg II, accession of Masud.
1135:
Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph AI Rashid, accession of AI Muktafi.
1144:
Imad ud Din Zangi captures Edessa from the Christians, second crusade.
1146:
Death of Imad ud Din Zangi, accession of Nur ud Din Zangi.
1147:
In the Maghrib AI Moravids overthrown by the Al Mohads under Abul Mumin.
1148:
End of the Zirid rule' in North Africa.
1149:
Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Hafiz, accession of AI Zafar.
1152:
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Masud, accession of Malik Shah II. Hamadid rule extinguished in North Africa.
1153:
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah I1, accession of Muhammad II.
1154:
Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Zafar, accession of AI Faiz.
1156:
Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Rukn ud Din Masid, accession of Arsalan II.
1159:
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad II, accession of Gulaiman.
1160:
Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Mukta, accession of Al Mustanjid. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Faiz, accession of Al Azzid.
1161:
Death of the Seljuk Sulaiman, accession of Arsalan Shah.
1163:
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abul Mumin, accession of Abu Yaqub Yusuf.
1170:
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustanjid, accession of Al Mustazii.
1171:
Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Azzid. End of the Fatimids. Salah ud Din founds the Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt.
1172:
Death of the Khawarzam Shah Arsalan, accession of Sultan Shah.
1173:
The Khawarzam Shah Sultan Shah is overthrown by Tukush Shah.
1174:
Salah ud Din annexes Syria.
1175:
The Ghurids defeat the Guzz Turks and occupy Ghazni.
1176:
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Arsalan Shah, accession of Tughril Beg III.
1179:
Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Mustazaii, accession of AI Nasir. Shahab ud Din Ghuri captures Peshawar.
1185:
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abu Yaqub Yusuf, accession of Abu Yusuf Yaqub.
1186:
The Ghurids overthrow the Ghaznvaids in the Punjab.
1187:
Salah ud Din wrests Jerusalem from the Christians, third crusade.
1191:
Battle of Tarain between the Rajputs and the Ghurids.
1193:
Death of Salah ud Din; accession of Al Aziz. Second battleof Tarain.
1194:
Occupation of Delhi by the Muslims. End of the Seljuk rule.
1199:
Death of the Khawarzam Shah Tukush Shah; accession of Ala ud Din. Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abu Yusuf Yaqub; accession of Muhammad Nasir. Conquest of Northern India and Bengal by the Ghurids.
13th Century (1200-1299) C.E.
1202:
Death of the Ghurid Sultan Ghias ud Din; accession of Mahmud.
1204:
Shahab ud Din Ghuri defeated by the Ghuzz Turks.
1206:
Death of Shahab ud Din Ghuri. Qutb ud Din Aibik crowned king in Lahore.
1210:
Assassination of the Ghurid Sultan MahmUd, accession of Sam. Death of Qutb ud Din Aibak, accession of Aram Shah in India.
1211:
End of the Ghurid rule, their territories annexed by the Khawarzam Shahs. In India Aram Shah overthrown by Iltutmish.
1212:
Battle of AI Uqab in Spain, end of the AI Mohad rule in Spain. The AI Mohads suffer defeat by the Christians in Spain at the Al-Uqba. The AI Mohad Sultan An Nasir escapes to Morocco where he dies soon after. Accession of his son Yusuf who takes over title of AI Mustansir.
1214:
In North Africa death of the AI Mohad ruler Al Nasir, accession of Al Mustansir. The Banu Marin under their leader Abdul Haq occupy the north eastern part of Morocco.
1216:
The Banu Marin under their leader Abdul Haq occupy north eastern part of Morocco. The AI Mohads suffer defeat by the Marinids at the battle of Nakur. The Banu Marin defeat the AI Mobads at the battle of Nakur.
1217:
The Marinids suffer defeat in the battle fought on the banks of the Sibu river. Abdul Haq is killed and the Marinids evacuate Morocco. In the battle of Sibu the Marinids suffer defeat; their leader Abdul Haq is killed and they evacuate Morocco.
1218:
Death of the Ayyubid ruler AI Adil, accession of AI Kamil. The Marinids return to Morocco under their leader Othman and occupy Fez.
1220:
Death of the Khawarzam Shah Ala ud Din, accession of Jalal ud Din Mangbarni.
1222:
Death of the Zangi ruler Nasir ud Din Mahmud, power captured by Badr ud Din Lulu.
1223:
Death of the Al Mohad ruler Muntasir, accession of Abdul Wahid. Death of Yusuf AI Mustansir, accession of Abdul Wahid in Morocco.. In Spain a brother of Yusuf declares his independence and assumes the title of AI Adil. In Spain Abu Muhammad overthrows AI Adil. AI Adil escapes to Morocco and overthrows Abdul Wahid.
1224:
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdul Wahid, accession of Abdullah Adil.
1225:
Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Nasir, accession of AI Mustansir.
1227:
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdullah Adil, accession of Mustasim. Assassination of Al Adil, accession of his son Yahya who assumes the throne under the name of Al Mustasim.
1229:
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Mustasim, accession of Idris. The Ayyubid AI Kamil restores Jerusalem to the Christians. Abu Muhammad dies in Spain and is succeeded by Al Mamun. AI Mamun invades Morocco with Christian help. Yahya is defeated and power is captured by Al Mamun. He denies the Mahdiship of Ibn Tumarat.
1230:
End of the Khawarzam Shah rule.
1232:
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Idris, accession, of Abdul Wahid II. Assassination of Al Mamun; accession of his son Ar-Rashid.
1234:
Death of the Ayyubid ruler AI Kamil, accession of AI Adil.
1236:
Death of Delhi Sultan Iltutmish. Accession of Rukn ud Din Feroz Shah.
1237:
Accession of Razia Sultana as Delhi Sultan.
1240:
Death of Ar-Rashid; accession of his son Abu Said.
1241:
Death of Razia Sultana, accession of Bahram Shah.
1242:
Death of Bahram Shah, accession of Ala ud Din Masud Shah as Delhi Sultan. Death of the AI Mohad rules Abdul Wahid, accession of Abu Hasan. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustansir, accession of Mustasim.
1243:
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdul Walid II, accession of
1244:
The Al Mohads defeat the Marinids at the battle of Abu Bayash. The Marinids evacuate Morocco.
1245:
The Muslims reconquer Jerusalem.
1246:
Death of the Delhi Sultan Ala ud Din Masud Shah, accession of Nasir ud Din Mahmud Shah.
1248:
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abul Hasan, accession of Omar Murtaza. Abu Said attacks Tlemsen, but is ambushed and killed; accession of his son Murtada.
1250:
The Marinids return to Morocco, and occupy a greater part thereof.
1258:
The Mongols sack Baghdad. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustasim. End of the Abbasid rule. Fall of Baghdad, end of the Abbasid caliphate. The Mongol II-Khans under Halaku establish their rule in Iran and Iraq with the capital at Maragah. Berek Khan the Muslim chief of the Golden Horde protests against the treatment meted out to the Abbasid Caliph and withdraw his Contingent from Baghdad.
1259:
Abu Abdullah the Hafsid ruler declares himself as the Caliph and assumes the name of AI Mustamir.
1260:
Battle of Ayn Jalut in Syria. The Mongols are defeated by the Mamluks of Egypt, and the spell of the invincibility of the Mongols is broken. Baybars becomes the Mamluk Sultan.
1262:
Death of Bahauddin Zikriya in Multan who is credited with the introduction of the Suhrawardi Sufi order in the IndoPakistan sub-continent.
1265:
Death of Halaku. Death of Fariduddin Ganj Shakkar the Chishti saint of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent.
1266:
Death of Berek Khan the first ruler of the Golden Horde to be converted to Islam. The eighth crusade. The crusaders invade Tunisia. Failure of the crusade.
1267:
Malik ul Salih establishes the first Muslim state of Samudra Pasai in Indonesia. Murtada seeks the help of the Christians, and the Spaniards invade Morocco. The Marinids drive away the Spaniards from Morocco. Assassination of Murtada; accession of Abu Dabbas.
1269:
Abu Dabbas is overthrown by the Marinida, End of the Al Mohads. End of the rule of the AI Mohads in Morocco, the Marinids come to power in Morocco under Abu Yaqub.
1270:
Death of Mansa Wali the founder of the Muslim rule in M ali.
1272:
Death of Muhammad I the founder of the state of Granada. Yaghmurason invades Morocco but meets a reverse at the battle
1273:
Death of Jalaluddin Rumi.
1274:
Death of Nasiruddin Tusi. The Marinids wrest Sijilmasa from the Zayenids. Ninth crusade under Edward I of England. The crusade ends in fiasco and Edward returns to England.
1277:
Death of Baybars.
1280:
Battle of Hims.
1283:
Death of Yaghmurasan. Accession of his son Othman.
1285:
Tunisis splits in Tunis and Bougie.
1286:
Death of Ghiasuddin Balban. Death of Abu Yusuf Yaqub. Bughra Khan declares his independence in Bengal under the name of Nasiruddin.
1290:
End of the slave dynasty Jalaluddin Khilji comes into power. Othman embarks on a career of conquest and by 1290 C.E. most of the Central Maghreb is conquered by the Zayanids.
1291:
Saadi.
1296:
Alauddin Ghazan converted to Islam.
1299:
Mongols invade Syria. The Marinids besiege Tlemsen the capital of the Zayanids.

14th Century (1300-1399) C.E.
1301:
In Bengal, Death of Ruknuddin the king of Bengal, succeeded by brother Shamsuddin Firuz.
1302:
In Granada, Death of Muhammad II; succession of Muhammad III.
1304:
In the Mongols II Khans empire, Death of Ghazan, succession of his brother Khudabanda Ul Jaytu. In Algeria, Death of Othman, succession of his son Abu Zayan Muhammad.
1305:
In the Khiljis empire, Alauddin Khilji conquers Rajputana.
1306:
In the Chughills empire, Death of Dava, succession of his son Kunjuk.
1307:
In the Marinids empire, Assassination of the Marinid Sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf; accession of Abu Thabit
1308:
In the Chughills empire, Deposition of Kunjuk, power captured by Taliku. In Algeria, Death of Abu Zayan Muhammad, succession of his brother Abu Hamuw Musa. In the Marinids empire, Abu Thabit overthrown by Abu Rabeah Sulaiman.
1309:
In the Chughills empire, Assassination of Taliku, accession of Kubak. In Granada, Muhammad III overthrown by his uncle Abul Juyush Nasr.
1310:
In the Chughills empire, Kubak overthrown by his brother Isan Buga. In the Marinids empire, Abu Rabeah Sulaiman overthrown by Abu Said Othman. In the Khiljis empire, Alauddin conquers Deccan.
1312:
In Tunisia, In Tunis Abul Baqa is overthrown by Al Lihiani.
1313:
In the Mongols II Khans empire, Invasion of Syria, the Mongols repulsed. In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Toktu, accession of his nephew Uzbeg.
1314:
In Kashmir, Rainchan an adventurer from Baltistan overthrows Sinha Deva the Raja of Kashmir. Rainchan is converted to Islam and adopts the name of Sadrud Din. In Granada, Abul Juyush overthrown by his nephew Abul Wahid Ismail.
1315:
In Tunisia, War between Bougie and Tunis, Lihani defeated and killed. Abu Bakr becomes the ruler of Bougie and Tunis.
1316:
In the Mongols II Khans empire, Death of Khudabanda Ul Jaytu, succession of Abu Said. In the Khiljis empire, Death of Alauddin, accession of Shahabuddin Umar, usurpation of power by Malik Kafur, a Hindu convert.
1318:
In the Khiljis empire, Assassination of Malik Kafur, deposition of Shahabuddin Umar, accession of Qutbuddin Mubarak. In the Chughills empire, Isan Buga overthrown by Kubak.
1320:
In the Khiljis empire, Assassination of Qutbuddin Mubarak, usurpation of power by Khusro Khan a Hindu convert. Khusro Khan overthrown by Ghazi Malik. End of the rule of Khiljis. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr expelled from Tunis by Abu Imran. In the Tughluqs empire, Ghazi Malik founds the rule of the Tughluq dynasty.
1321:
In the Chughills empire, Death of Kubak, succession of Hebbishsi who is overthrown by Dava Temur.
1322:
In the Chughills empire, Dava Temur overthrown by Tarmashirin, who is converted to Islam. In Bengal, Death of Shamsuddin Firuz. The kingdom divided into two parts. Ghiasuddin Bahadur became the ruler of East Bengal with the capital at Sonargaon, Shahabuddin became the ruler of West Bengal with the capital at Lakhnauti.
1324:
In Bengal, Shahabuddin dies and is succeeded by his brother Nasiruddin.
1325:
In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Ghazi Malik (Ghiasuddin Tughluq); accession of his son Muhammad Tughluq. In Granada, Assassination of Abul Wahid Ismail, succession of his son Muhammad IV. Assassination of Muhammad IV. Accession of his brother Abul Hallaj Yusuf. In the Samudra Pasai empire, Death of Malik al Tahir I, accession of Malik al Tahir II. In Bengal, With the help of Ghiasuddin Tughluq, Nasiruddin over-throws. Ghiasuddin Bahadur and himself become's the ruler of United Bengal.
1326:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Othman, succession of Orkhan. Orkhan conquers Bursa and makes it his capital.
1327:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks capture the city of Nicaea.
1329:
In the Tughluqs empire, Muhammad Tughluq shifts the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Deccan.
1330:
In the Chughills empire, Death of Tramashirin, succession of Changshahi. Amir Hussain establishes the rule of the Jalayar dynasty at Baghdad. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr overthrows Abu Imran and the state is again united, under him. In Bengal, Muhammad b Tughluq reverses the policy of his father and restores Ghiasuddin Bahadur to the throne of Sonargeon.
1331:
In the Marinids empire, Death of Abu Said Othman, sucession of Abul Hasan. In Bengal, Annexation of Bengal by the Tughluqs.
1335:
In the Mongols II Khans empire, Death of Abu Said, power captured by Arpa Koun. In the Chughills empire, Assassination of Changshahi, accession of Burun.
1336:
In the Mongols II Khans empire, Arpa defeated and killed, succeeded by Musa. Birth of Amir Temur. In the Jalayar empire, Death of Amir Hussain, succession of Hasan Buzurg. In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks annex the state of Karasi. In Bengal, The Tughluq Governor at Sonargeon assassinated by armour bearer who captured power and declared his independence assuming the name of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah.
1337:
In the Mongols II Khans empire, The rule of Musa overthrown, Muhammad becomes the Sultan. In the Sarbadaran empire, On the disintegration of the II-Khan rule, Abdur Razaq a military adventurer establishes an independent principality in Khurasan with the capital at Sabzwar. In the Muzaffarids empire, On the disintegration of the II Khan rule Mubarazud Din Muhammad established the rule of the Muzaffarid dynasty. In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks capture the city of Nicomedia. In Algeria, Algeria is occupied by Marinids.
1338:
In the Mongols II Khans empire, Muhammad overthrown, succession of Sati Beg. Sati Beg marries Sulaiman who becomes the co-ruler.
1339:
In Kashmir, Death of Sadrud Din, throne captured by a Hindu Udyana Deva. In the Chughills empire, Deposition of Burun, accession of Isun Temur. In Bengal, The Tughluq Governor at Lakhnauti-Qadr Khan assassinated and power is captured by the army commander-in-chief who declares his independence and assumes the title of Alauddin Ali Shah.
1340:
In the Muzaffarids empire, The Muzaffarids conquer Kirman. In the Chughills empire, Deposition of Isun Temur, accession of Muhammad.
1341:
In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Uzbeg, succession of his son Tini Beg.
1342:
In the Golden Horde empire, Tini Beg overthrown by his brother Jani Beg.
1343:
In the Chughills empire, Muhammad overthrown, power captured by Kazan. In Bengal, Ilyas an officer of Alauddin murders his patron and captures the throne of West Bengal.
1344:
In the Mongols II Khans empire, Deposition of Sulaiman, succession of Anusherwan.
1345:
In the Samudra Pasai empire, Death of Malik al Tahir II, accession of Tahir III. His rule lasted throughout the fourteenth century. In Bengal, llyas captures East Bengal and under him Bengal is again united. He establishes his capital at Gaur.
1346:
In the Chughills empire, Deposition of Kazan, accession of Hayan Kuli. In Tunisia, Death of Abu Bakr, succession of his son Fadal. In Kashmir, Death of Udyana Deva, throne captured by Shah Mirza who assumed the name of Shah Mir, and rounded the rule of Shah Mir dynasty.
1347:
The Marinids capture Tunisia. In the Bahmanids empire, Hasan Gangu declares his independence and establishes a state in Deccan with the capital at Gulbarga.
1349:
In Kashmir, Death of Shah Mir, accession of his son Jamsbed. In Algeria, The Zayanids under Abu Said Othman recapture Algeria.
1350:
In the Sarbadaran empire, Revolt against Abdur Razaq. Power captured by Amir Masud. In Tunisia, Deposition of Fadal, succession of his brother Abu Ishaq. In Kashmir, Jamshed overthrown by his step brother Alauddin Ali Sher.
1351:
In the Marinids empire, Death of Abul Hasan, succession of Abu Inan. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Muhammad Tughluq accession of Firuz Shah Tughluq.
1352:
In Algeria, The Marinids again capture Algeria. Abu Said Othman is taken captive and killed.
1353:
End of the Mongol II Khan rule. In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks acquire the fortress of Tympa on the European side of the Hollespoint. In the Muzaffarids empire, The Muzaffarids conquer Shiraz and establish their capital there.
1354:
In the Muzaffarids empire, The Muzaffarids annex Isfahan. In Granada, Assassination of Abu Hallaj Yusuf, succession of his son Muhammad V.
1356:
In the Jalayar empire, Death of Hasan Buzurg, succession of his son Owaia.
1357:
In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Jani Beg, succession of Kulpa.
1358:
In the Bahmanids empire, Death of Hasan Gangu, accession of his son Muhammad Shah. In the Muzaffarids empire, Death of Mubarazuddin Muhammad; accession of Shah Shuja. In the Marinids empire, Assassination of Abu Inan, succession of Abu Bakr Said. In Bengal, Death of Ilyas, succession of his son Sikandar Shah.
1359:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Orkhan, succession of Murad. In the Muzaffarids empire, Shah Shuja deposed by his brother Shah Mahmud. In Tunisia, Abul Abbas a nephew of Abu Ishaq revolts and establishes his rule in Bougie. In Algeria, The Zayanids under Abu Hamuw II recapture Algeria. In the Marinids empire, Abu Bakr Said overthrown by Abu Salim Ibrahim. In Granada, Muhammad V loses the throne in palace revolution, succeeded by Ismail.
1360:
In the Muzaffarids empire, Death of Shah Mahmud. Shah Shuja recaptures power. In the Chughills empire, Power captured by Tughluq Temur. In Granada, Ismail overthrown by his brother-in-law Abu Said.
1361:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Murad conquers a part of Thrace and establishes his capital at Demolika in Thrace. In the Golden Horde empire, Kulpa overthrown by his brother Nauroz. In the Marinids empire, Abu Salim Ibrahim overthrown by Abu Umar. Abu Umar overthrown by Abu Zayyan.
1362:
In the Golden Horde empire, State of anarchy. During 20 years as many as 14 rulers came to the throne and made their exit. In Granada, Abu Said overthrown by Muhammad V who comes to rule for the second time. In Kashmir, Death of Alauddin Ali Sher, succeeded by his brother Shahabuddin.
1365:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks defeat the Christians at the battle of Matiza, the Byzantine ruler becomes a vassal of the Turks.
1366:
In the Marinids empire, Assassination of Abu Zayyan, succession of Abu Faris Abdul Aziz.
1369:
Power captured by Amir Temur. End of the rule of the Chughills. Amir Temur captures power in Transoxiana. In Tunisia, Death of Abu Ishaq. Succession of his son Abu Baqa Khalid.
1370:
In Tunisia, Abu Baqa overthrown by Abul Abbas under whom the state is reunited. In the Sarbadaran empire, Death of Amir Masud, succession of Muhammad Temur.
1371:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Invasion of Bulgaria, Bulgarian territory upto the Balkans annexed by the Turks.
1372:
In the Marinids empire, Death of Abu Faris, succession of Abu Muhammad.
1374:
In the Marinids empire, Abu Muhammad overthrown by Abul Abbas.
1375:
In the Sarbadaran empire, Deposition of Muhammad Temur, power captured by Shamsuddin. In the Jalayar empire, Death of Owais, succession by his son Hussain.
1376:
In Kashmir, Death of Shahabuddin, succeeded by his brother Qutbuddin.
1377:
In the Bahmanids empire, Death of Muhammad Shah, succeeded by his son Mujahid.
1378:
In the Bahmanids empire, Mujahid assassinated, throne captured by his uncle Daud.
1379:
Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Bairam Khawaja found the independent principality of the Turkomans of the Black Sheep and established his capital at Van in Armenia. In the Bahmanids empire, Assassination of Daud; accession of Muhammad Khan.
1380:
In the Golden Horde empire, Power is captured by Toktamish, a prince of the White Horde of Siberia. In Amir Temur's empire, Amir Temur crosses the Oxus and conquers Khurasan and Herat. Amir Temur invades Persia and subjugates the Muzaffarids and Mazandaran.
1381:
In Amir Temur's empire, Annexation of Seestan, capture of Qandhar.
1384:
In Amir Temur's empire, Conquest of Astrabad, Mazandaran, Rayy and Sultaniyah. In the Muzaffarids empire, Death of Shah Shuja, accession of his son Zainul Abdin. In the Marinids empire, Abul Abbas overthrown by Mustansir. Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Death of Bairam Khawaja, succession of Qara Muhammad.
1386:
In Amir Temur's empire, Annexation of Azarbaijan, Georgea overrun. Subjugation of Gilan and Shirvan. Turkomans of the Black Sheep defeated. In the Marinids empire, Death of Mustansir, succession of Muhammad.
1387:
In the Marinids empire, Muhammad overthrown by Abul Abbas who comes to power for the second time.
1388:
In Algeria, Death of Abu Hamuw II, succession of Abu Tashfin. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Firuz Shah Tughluq, succeeded by his grandson Ghiasuddin Tughluq II.
1389:
of Abu Bakr Tughluq Shah. Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Death of Qara Muhammad. succession of Qara Yusuf.
1390:
In the Tughluqs empire, Abu Bakr overthrow by Nasiruddin Tughluq. In Bengal, Death of Sikandar Shah, accession of his son Ghiasud. In the Burji Mamluks empire, The rule of the Burji Mamluks rounded by Saifuddin Barquq.
1391:
In Amir Temur's empire, Annexation of Fars. In the Muzaffarids empire, Annexation of the Muzaffarids by Amir Temur. In Granada, Death of Muhammad V, succession of his son Abu Hallaj Yusuf II.
1392:
In the Jalayar empire, Death of Hussain, succession of his son Ahmad. In Granada, Death of Abu Hallaj ; succession of Muhammad VI.
1393:
Amir Temur defeats Tiktomish, the ruler of the Golden Horde. Capture of the Jalayar dominions by Amir Temur. In the Marinids empire, Death of Abul Abbas; succession of Abu Faris II.
1394:
Amir Temur defeats the Duke of Moscow. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Nasiruddin Tugluq, accession of Alauddin Sikandar Shah. In Kashmir, Death of Qutbuddin. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Qara Othman established the rule of the White Sheep Turkomans in Diyarbekr.
1395:
In the Golden Horde empire, Amir Temur defeated Toktamish and razes Serai to the ground. End of the rule of the Golden Horde. Annexation of Iraq by Amir Temur. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Sikandar Shah. Accession of Muhammad Shah.
1396:
In the Amir Temur's empire, Destruction of Sarai, and of the rule of the Golden Horde. In the Sarbadaran empire, Principality annexed by Amir Temur.
1397:
In the Bahmanids empire, Death of Muhammad Khan.
1398:
In the Amir Temur's empire, Campaign in India. In the Marinids empire, Death of Abu Faris II. In the Tughluqs empire, Invasion of Amir Timur, Mahmud Shah escapes from the capital. In Morocco, Death of the Marinid Sultan Abu Faris II; succession of his son Abu Said Othman.
1399:
In the Amir Temur's empire, Campaign in Iraq and Syria. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Saifuddin Barquq, succession of his son Nasiruddin in Faraj.

15th Century (1400-1499) C.E.
1400:
In the Burji Mamluks empire, The Mamluks lost Syria which was occupied by Amir Timur.
1401:
In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Timur Qutluq, the ruler, installed by Amir Timur. accession of Shadi Beg.
1402:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Defeat of Bayazid at the battle of Ankara, taken captive Amir Timur.
1403:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Muhammad I, the son of Bayazid ascended the throne.
1405:
In the Timurids empire, Death of Amir Timur, succession of his son Shah Rukh.
1407:
In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Shadi Beg, installation of Faulad Khan by the king maker Edigu.
1410:
In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Faulad Khan, installation of Timur.
1412:
In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Timur, installation of Jalaluddin. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Nasiruddin Faraj, succession of Al Muayyad.
1413:
In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Jalaluddin, installation of Karim Bardo.
1414:
In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Karim Bardo, installation of Kubak Khan.
1416:
In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Kubak Khan, installation of Jahar Balrawi. Deposition of Jahar Balrawi, installation of Chaighray.
1419:
In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Edigu, overthrow of Chaighray, power captured by Ulugh Muhammad.
1420:
Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Death of Qara Yusuf; succession of his son Qara Iskandar. In Morocco, Assassination of Abu Said Othman; succession of his infant son Abdul Haq.
1421:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Muhammad I; accession of his son Murad II. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Al Muayyad, succession of Muzaffar Ahmad. Muzaffar Ahmad overthrown by Amir Saifuddin Tata, Death of Saifuddin Tata, succession of his son Muhammad. Muhammad overthrown by Amir Barsbay.
1424:
In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Daulat Bairawi, succession of Berk. In Algeria, The Halsida of Tunisia occupy Algeria. This state of affairs continued throughout the fifteenth century.
1425:
In the Uzbegs empire, Abul Khayr, a prince of the house of Uzbeg declare his independence in the western part of Siberia,
1427:
In the Golden Horde empire, Berk overthrown by Ulugh Muhammad who captured power for the second time.
1430:
In the Uzbegs empire, Abul Khayr occupies Khawarazm.
1434:
Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Deposition of Qara Iskandar; installation of his brother Jahan Shah. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Death of Qara Othman, succession of his son Ali Beg. In Tunisia, Death of Abul Faris after a rule of forty years, succession of his son Abu Abdullah Muhammad.
1435:
In Tunisia, Deposition of Abu Abdullah Muhammad, power captured by Abu Umar Othman.
1438:
In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Barsbay, accession of his minor son Jamaluddin Yusuf; Yusuf overthrown and power captured by the Chief Minister Saifuddin Gakmuk. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Ali Beg overthrown by his brother Hamza.
1439:
In the Golden Horde empire, Ulugh Muhammad withdrew from Sarai and found the principality of Qazan. Said Ahmad came to power in Sarai.
1440:
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Hamza overthrown by Jahangir a son of Ali Beg.
1441:
In the Golden Horde empire, Crimea seceded from Sarai.
1446:
In the Timurids empire, Death of Shah Rukh, succession of Ulugh Beg. In the Ottoman Turks empire, Second battle of Kossova resulting in the victory of the Turks. Serbia annexed to Turkey and Bosnia became its vassal.
1447:
In the Golden Horde empire, Astra Khan seceded from Sarai.
1449:
In the Uzbegs empire, Abul Khayr captures Farghana. In the Timurids empire, Death of Ulugh Beg, succession of Abdul Latif.
1450:
In the Timurids empire, Assassination of Abdul Latif, accession of Abu Said.
1451:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Murad II; accession of his son Muhammad II.
1453:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Capture of Constantinople by the Turks. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Death of Jahangir; accession of his son Uzun Hasan. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Gakmuk. succession of his son Fakhruddin Othman. Othman overthrown by the Mamluk General Saifuddin Inal.
1454:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Attack against Wallachia, Wallachia became a vassal state of Turkey.
1456:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation of Serbia.
1461:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation of Bosnia and Herzogovina. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Saifuddin Inal, succession of his son Shahabuddin Ahmad. Shahabuddin Ahmad overthrown by the Mamluk General Saifuddin Khushqadam.
1462:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation of Albania.
1465:
In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Said Ahmad, succession of his son Khan Ahmad. In Morocco, Assassination of Abdul Haq. End of the Marinid rule. Power snatched by Sharif Muhammad al Jati.
1467:
Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Death of Jahan Shah, end of the rule of the Black Sheep Turkoman rule. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Jahan Shah of the Black Sheep attacked the White Sheep. Jahan Shah was defeated and the Black Sheep territories annexed by the White Sheep. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Khushqadam, accession of his son Saifuddin Yel Bey. Deposition of Yel Bey, power captured by the Mamluk General Temur Bugha.
1468:
In the Uzbegs empire, Death of Abul Khayr, succession of his son Haidar Sultan. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Uzun Hasan defeated the Timurids at the battle of Qarabagh whereby the White Sheep became the masters of Persia and Khurasan. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Deposition of Femur Bugha, power captured by the Mamluk General Qait Bay.
1469:
In the Timurids empire, Death of Abu Said, disintegration of the Timurid state. In Khurasan Hussain Baygara came to power and he ruled during the remaining years of the fifteenth century.
1472:
In Morocco, Sharif Muhammad al Jati overthrown by the Wattisid chief Muhammad al Shaikh who establishes the rule of the Wattisid dynasty.
1473:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, War against Persia; Persians defeated.
1475:
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation of Crimea. War against Venice. Tukey became the master of the Aegean Sea.
1478:
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Death of Uzun Hasan, succession of his son Khalil.
1479:
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Khalil overthrown by his uncle Yaqub.
1480:
In the Golden Horde empire, Assassination of Khan Ahmad, succession of his son Said Ahmad II.
1481:
In the Golden Horde empire, Said Ahmad I1 overthrown by his brother Murtada. In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Muhammad II, accession of Bayazid II.
1488:
In the Uzbegs empire, Death of Haider Sultan, succession of his nephew Shaybani Khan. In Tunisia, Death of Abu Umar Othman after a rule of 52 years, succession of Abu Zikriya Yahya.
1489:
In Tunisia, Abu Zikriya Yahya overthrown by Abul Mumin.
1490:
In Tunisia, Abul Mumin overthrown, power recaptured by Abu Yahya.
1493:
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Death of Yaqub. accession of his son Bayangir.
1495:
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Bayangir overthown by his cousin Rustam.
1496:
In the Burji Mamluks empire, Abdication of Qait Bay, succession of his son Nasir Muhammad.
1497:
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Rustam overthrown by Ahmad. Anarchy and fragmentation.
1498:
In the Burji Mamluks empire, Deposition of Nasir Muhammad, power captured by Zahir Kanauh.
1499:
In the Uzbegs empire, Shayhani Khan conquered Transoxiana. In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Murtada, succession of Said Ahmad III." In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks defeated the Venetian fleet in the battle of Lepanto.
16th Century (1500-1599) C.E.
1500:
In the Burji Mamluks empire, Zahir Kanauh overthrown by Ashraf Gan Balat.
1501:
Isamil I establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia, and the Twelve-Imam Shi'ism becomes the state religion.
1507:
The Portuguese under d'Albuquerque establish strongholds in the Persian Gulf.
1508:
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, End of the White Sheep dynasty and the annexation of their territories by the Safawids.
1511:
D'Albuquerque conquers Malacca from the Muslims.
1517:
The Ottoman Sultan Selim Yavuz ("the Grim") defeats the Mamluks and conquers Egypt.
1520:
The reign of Sulayman the Magnificent begins.
1526:
Louis of Hungary dies at the Battle of Mohacs.
1526:
The Battle of Panipat in India, and the Moghul conquest; Babur makes his capital at Delhi and Agra.
1528:
The Ottomans take Buda in Hungary.
1529:
Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna.
1550:
The architect Sinan builds the Suleymaniye mosque in Istanbul.
1550:
The rise of the Muslim kingdom of Atjeh in Sumatra.
1550:
Islam spreads to Java, the Moluccas, and Borneo.
1556:
The death of Sulayman the Magnificent.
1568:
Alpujarra uprising of the Moriscos (Muslims forcibly converted to Catholicism) in Spain.
1571:
The Ottomans are defeated at the naval Battle of Lepanto, and their dominance in the Mediterranean is brought to a close.
1578:
The Battle of the Three Kings at Qasr al-Kabir in Morocco. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed.
1588:
Reign of Safavid Sultan Shah Abbas I begins.
1591:
Mustaili Ismailis split into Sulaymanis and Daudis.

17th Century (1600-1699) C.E.
1600:
Sind annexed by the Mughals. End of the Arghun rule in Sind.
1601:
Khandesh annexed by the Mughals.
1603:
Battle of Urmiyah. Turks suffer defeat. Persia occupies Tabriz, Mesopotamia. Mosul and Diyarbekr. Death of Muhammad III, Sultan of Turkey, accession of Ahmad I. In Morocco al Shaikh died.
1604:
In Indonesia death of Alauddin Rayat Shah, Sultan of Acheh, accession of Ali Rayat Shah III.
1605:
Death of the Mughal emperor Akbar; accession of Jahangir.
1607:
Annexation of Ahmadnagar by the Mughals.
1609:
Annexation of Bidar by the Mughals
1611:
Kuch Behar subjugated by the Mughals.
1612:
Kamrup annexed by the Mughals.
1617:
Death of Ahmad I, Sultan of Turkey, accession of Mustafa; Deposition of Mustafa: accession of Othman II.
1618:
Tipperah annexed by the Mughals.:
1620:
In Turkey deposition of Mustafa, accession of Othman II.
1623:
In Turkey Mustafa recaptured power.
1625:
In Turkey deposition of Mustafa, accession of Murad IV.
1627:
Death of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, accession of Shah Jahan.
1628:
Reign of Safavid Sultan Shah Abbas I comes to an end.
1629:
In Persia death of Shah Abbas; accession of grandson Safi.
1631:
Death of Mumtaz Mahal, wife of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and the lady of Taj Mahal, Agra.
1637:
Death of Iskandar Muda in Indonesia; accession of Iskandar II.
1640:
Death of Otthman Sultan Murad IV. accession of his brother Ibrahim.
1641:
Turks capture Azov. In Indonesia death of Iskandar II; accession of the Queen Tajul Alam.
1642:
In Persia death of Shah Safi, accession of Shah Abbas II.
1648:
In Turkey Ibrahim deposed; accession of Muhammad IV.
1656:
Muhammad Kuiprilli becomes the Grand Minister in Turkey.
1658:
Deposition of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, accession of Aurangzeb.
1661:
Death of Muhammad Kuiprilli, accession of his son Ahmad Kuiprilli.
1667:
Death of Shah Abbas II; accession of Shah Sulaiman.
1675:
Execution of the Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur. In Indonesia death of the queen Tajul Alam, accession of the queen Nur ul Alam.
1676:
Death of the Grand Wazir of Turkey Ahmad Kuiprilli, succession by Kara Mustafa.
1678:
In Indonesia death of the queen Nur ul Alam, accession of the queen Inayat Zakia.
1680:
Death of Marhatta chieftain Shivaji.
1682:
Assam annexed by the Mughals. Aurangzeb shifts the capital to Aurangabad in the Deccan.
1683:
The Turks lift the siege of Vienna and retreat. Kara Mustafa the Grand Wazir executed for the failure of the expedition.
1686:
Annexation of Bijapur by the Mughals.
1687:
Golkunda annexed by the Mughals. Second battle of Mohads. Defeat of the Turks by Austria. Deposition of Muhammad IV. Accession of Sulaiman II.
1688:
In Indonesia death of queen Inayat Zakia, accession of the queen Kamalah.
1690:
Death of the Ottoman Sultan Sulaiman II, accession of Ahmad II.
1692:
Death of the Turk Sultan Ahmad II, accession of Mustafa II.
1694:
In Persia death of Shah Safi, accession of Shah Hussain.
1699:
In Indonesia death of Queen Kamalah.

18th Century (1700-1799) C.E.
1700:
Murshid Quli Khan declares the independence of Bengal and establishes his capital at Murshidabad.
1703:
Ahmad 11I becomes the Ottoman Sultan. Birth of Shah Wali Ullah. Birth of the religious reformer Muhammad b Abdul Wahab.
1707:
Death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, accession of his son Bahadur Shah.
1711:
War between Turkey and Russia. Russia defeated at the battle of Pruth.
1712:
Death of the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah, accession of Jahandar Shah.
1713:
Jahandar Shah overthrown by his nephew Farrukh Siyar.
1718:
In the war against Austria, Turkey suffers defeat. By the treaty of Passarowich Turkey loses Hungary.
1719:
Deposition of the Mughal emperor Farrukh Siyar Muhammad Shah ascends the throne. In Sind the Kalhoras came to power under Nur Muhammad Kalhora.
1722:
Saadat Khan found the independent state of Oudh. Battle of Gulnabad between the Afghans and the Persians. The Persians were defeated and the Afghans under Shah Mahmud became the masters of a greater part of Persia. Shah Hussain taken captive, accession of Shah Tahmasp II.
1730:
Zanzibar freed from Portugese rule and occupied by Oreart.
1747:
Ahmad Shah Durrani established Afghan rule in Afghanistan.
1752:
Death of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, writer of Sassi Pannu, Sohni Mahinwal and Umer Marvo.
1752:
Ahmed Shah Durrani captured Punjab, Kashmir and Sind.
1761:
Death of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi.
1761:
Battle of Panipat. Ahmad Shah Durrani came to India at the invitation of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi and smashed rising Maratha power in the battle of Panipat.
1764:
Conversion to Islam of Areadi Gaya. ruler of Futa Bandu State in West Sudan.
1773:
Death of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
1783:
End of Kalhora rule in Sind.
1797:
Death of Muhammad Khan Qachar, king of Persia.
1797:
Russia occupied Daghestan.
1799:
Ranjit Singh declared himself Maharajah of Punjab defeating Afghans.
1799:
Khoqand declared independent Islamic State.

19th Century (1800-1899) C.E.
1803:
Shah Abdul Aziz ibn Saud assassinated by a Shia fanatic. Shah Shuja proclaimed as King of Afghanistan.
1805:
Ibn Saud captured Madinah defeating the Turk garrison.
1804:
Othman Dan Fodio established Islamic State of Sokoto in Central Sudan.
1805:
Faraizi movement launched in Bengal. Muhammad Ali appointed Pasha of Egypt by the Turks.
1806:
Khanate of Khiva came into limelight under the rule of Muhammad Rahim Khan.
1807:
Darqawi sect revolted against Turkish domination. Tunisia repudiated suzerainty of Algeria.
1811:
Birth of Ali Muhammad Bab founder of Bab movement.
1811:
British occupied Indonesia.
1812:
Madina fell to Egyptians.
1813:
Makkah and Taif captured by Egyptian forces and Saudis expelled from Hijaz.
1814:
Iran executed treaty of alliance with the British known as Definitive Treaty.
1814:
Death of Ibn Saud II.
1814:
King Othman of Tunisia assassinated by his cousin Mahmud.
1816:
British withdrew from Indonesia restoring it to the Dutch.
1822:
Death of Maulay Ismail in Morocco.
1827:
Malaya became a preserve of the British according to Anglo- Netherland treaty in 1824.
1828:
Russia declared war against Turkey.
1829:
Treaty of Adrianople.
1830:
French forces landed near Algiers and occupied Algeria ending 313 years rule of Turks.
1831:
Syed Ahmad Barelvi and Shah Ismail leaders of Jihad movement in India fell fighting the Sikhs in Balakot.
1832:
Turks defeated in the battle of Konia by Egyptian forces.
1832:
Sayyid Said, King of Oman, shifted his capital to Zanzibar.
1834:
Abdul Qadir recognised as ruler of the area under his control by the French.
1839:
Defeat of Turkey by the Egyptians in the battle of Nisibin.
1840:
Quadruple Alliance by the European powers to force Egypt to relinquish Syria.
1840:
British frees occupied Aden.
1841:
State of Adamawa established by Adams adjacent to Nigeria.
1842:
Amir Abdul Qadir, ousted from Algeria by the French. crossed over to Morocco.
1842:
Shah Shuja assassinated ending the Durrani rule in Afghanistan.
1847:
Amir Abdul Qadir surrendred to France under the condition of safe conduct to a Muslim country of his choice but France violated its pledge and sent him as a captive to France.
1849:
Death of Muhammad Ali pasha.
1850:
Ali Muhammad Bab arrested and executed by Iranian government. Qurratul Ain Tabira, a renowned poetess and staunch advocate of Babism also shot dead.
1852:
Release of Amir Abdul Qadir by Napolean III. He settled in Turkey.
1855:
Khiva annexed by Russia.
1857:
British captured Delhi and eliminated Mughal rule in India after 332 years. Last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled to Rangoon in Burma. This was also the end of 1000 years of Muslim rule over India.
1859:
Imam Shamil laid down arms before Russian forces and the Islamic State of Daghestan became a Russian province.
1860:
Maulay Muhammad defeated by Spain.
1861:
Death of Sultan Abdul-Majid of Turkey.
1862:
Faraizi movement fizzled out after the death of Dadu Miyan..
1865:
Khoqand State liquidated by Russia.
1869:
Jamaluddin Afghani exiled from Afghanistan. He proceeded to Egypt.
1871:
Tunisia recognised suzerainty of Turkey through a Firman.
1876:
Britain purchased shares of Khediv Ismail in the Suez canal and got involved in Egyptian affairs.
1878:
Turkey handed over Cyprus to Britain.
1878:
Adrianople fell to Russia.
1879:
Jamaluddin Afghani exiled from Egypt.
1879:
Treaty of Berlin. Turkey lost 4/5 th of its territory in Europe.
1881:
France invaded Tunisia and the Bey acknowledged supremacy of France as a result of the treaty of Bardo.
1881:
Muhammad Ahmad declared himself Mahdi in northern Sudan.
1882:
Egypt came under British military occupation.
1883:
Death of Amir Abdul Qadir in Damascus.
1885:
Muhammad Ahmad declared free Government of Sudan under his rule.
1885:
Death of Mahdi Sudani five months after the occupation of Khartum.
1890:
End of Banbara State.
1895:
Afghanistan got Wakhan corridor by an understanding with Russia and British India making Afghan touch China.
1895:
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claimed prophethood.
1897:
State of Bagirimi occupied by the French,
1899:
Fall of Mahdi State occupied by the British and the Egyptians jointly.
20th Century (1900-1992) C.E.
1901:
Ibn Saud (Abd al-Aziz) captures Riyad.
1901:
French forces occupy Morocco.
1904:
Morocco becomes a French protectorate under the Conference of Algeciras.
1904:
The Presian constitution is promoted.
1905:
The beginning of the Salafiyyah movement in Paris with it's main sphere of influence in Egypt.
1907:
The beginning of the Young Turks movement in Turkey.
1912:
The beginning of the Muhammadiyyah reform movement in Indonesia.
1914:
Under Ottoman rule, secret Arab nationalist societies are formed.
1914:
World War I.
1916:
Arab revolt against Ottoman (Turkish) rule. Lawrence of Arabia leads attacks on the Hijaz Railway.
1918:
Armistice signed with Ottomans on October 30.
1918:
World War I ends on November 11.
1918:
Syria and Damascus become a French protectorate.
1921:
Abd Allah bin Husayn in made King of Transjordan. His father was the Sharif of Mecca.
1921:
Faysal bin Husayn is made King of Iraq. His father was the Sharif of Mecca.
1921:
Abd al-Karim leads a revolt against colonial rule in Moroccan Rif, and declares the "Republic of the Rif".
1922:
Mustafa Kemal abolishes the Turkish Sultanate.
1924:
The Turkish Caliphate is abolished.
1924:
King Abd al-Aziz conquers Mecca and Medina, which leads to the unification of the Kingdoms of Najd and Hijaz.
1925:
Reza Khan seizes the government in Persia and establishes the Pahlavi dynasty.
1926:
Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) assumes title of King of Najd and Hijaz.
1927:
Death of Zaghlul, an Egyptian nationalist leader.
1928:
Turkey is declared a secular state.
1928:
Hasan al-Banna founds the Muslim Brotherhood.
1932:
Iraq granted independence by League of Nations.
1934:
War between King Abd al-Aziz and Imam Yahya of the Yemen.
1934:
Peace treaty of Ta'if.
1934:
Asir becomes part of Saudi Arabia.
1935:
Iran becomes the official name of Persia.
1936:
Increased Jewish immigration provokes widespread Arab-Jewish fighting in Palestine.
1939:
World War II.
1941:
British and Russian forces invade Iran and Reza Shah is forced to abdicate in favor of his son Mohammad Reza Shah in Iran.
1943:
Beginning of Zionist terrorist campaign in Palestine.
1945:
End of World War II.
1946:
Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria are granted independence from Britain and France.
1947:
Creation of Pakistan from Muslim Majority area in India.
1948:
Creation of state of Israel. Arab armies suffer defeat in war with Israel.
1949:
Hasan al-Banna, leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, is assassinated.
1951:
Libya becomes independent.
1952:
King Faruq of Egypt forced to abdicate.
1953:
General Zahedi leads coup against Musaddeq, Shah returns to power.
1953:
Death of King Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) of Saudi Arabia.
1953:
The foundation stone is laid to enlarge the Prophet's mosque in Medina.
1956:
Morocco becomes independent.
1956:
Tunisia becomes independent.
1957:
The Bey of Tunisia is deposed, and Bourguiba becomes becomes president.
1957:
Enlargement of the Haram in Mecca begins.
1962:
Algeria becomes independent.
1962:
Death of Zaydi Imam of Yemen (Ahmad). Crown Prince Bahr succeds him and takes the title Imam Mansur Bi-Llah Muhammad.
1965:
Malcom X is assassinated.
1968:
The enlargement of the Haram in Mecca is completed.
1969:
King Idris of Libya is ousted by a coup led by Colonel Qadhdhafi.
1973:
King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan is overthrown.
1975:
Death of Elijah Mohammad, leader of Nation of Islam among African Americans in North America.
1975:
Wallace Warith Deen Mohammad assumes leadership of Nation of Islam and shifts movement toward Islamic Orthodoxy renaming it American Muslim Mission.
1978:
Imam Musa Sadr is apparently assassinated after he disappears on a trip to Libya. He was the religious leader of the Lebanese Twelve-Imam Shi'ites. He promoted the resurgence of Shi'ites in Lebanon and set the foundation of Amal.
1979:
The Shah leaves Iran on January 15, thus bringing the Pahlavi dynasty to an end.
1979:
On 1 Muharram AH 1400/21 November, the first day of the 15th Islamic century, fanatics led by students of the Theological University of Medina attempt to promote one of their group as Mahdi and thus fulfill a certain prophetic Hadith: "A man of the people of Medina will go forth, fleeing to Mecca, and certain of the people of Mecca will come to him and will lead him forth against his will and swear fealty to him between the rukn (Black Stone corner of the Kabah) and the Maqam Ibrahim." They hold the Haram of Mecca against the army for two weeks. Sixty-three of the 300 fanatics are captured alive, the mosque is recovered, and the conspirators are all put to death.
1980:
Beginning of the Iran-Iraq war.
1989:
Iran-Iraq comes to an end with much loss of life.
1990:
Military annexation of Kuwait by Iraq, under Ba'athist leader Saddam Hussain, is reversed in 1991 by a coalition of United States-led forces.
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Islamic History (Chronology)
6th Century (500-599) C.E.
545: Birth of Abdullah, the Holy Prophet's father.
571: Birth of the Holy Prophet. Year of the Elephant. Invasion of Makkah by Abraha the Viceroy of Yemen, his retreat.
577: The Holy Prophet visits Madina with his mother. Death of his mother.
580: Death of Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of the Holy Prophet.
583: The Holy Prophet's journey to Syria in the company of his uncle Abu Talib. His meeting with the monk Bahira at Bisra who foretells of his prophethood.
586: The Holy Prophet participates in the war of Fijar.
591: The Holy Prophet becomes an active member of "Hilful Fudul", a league for the relief of the distressed.
594: The Holy Prophet becomes the Manager of the business of Lady Khadija, and leads her trade caravan to Syria and back.
595: The Holy Prophet marries Hadrat Khadija. Seventh century

7th Century (600-699) C.E.
605: The Holy Prophet arbitrates in a dispute among the Quraish about the placing of the Black Stone in the Kaaba.
610: The first revelation in the cave at Mt. Hira. The Holy Prophet is commissioned as the Messenger of God.
613: Declaration at Mt. Sara inviting the general public to Islam.
614: Invitation to the Hashimites to accept Islam.
615: Persecution of the Muslims by the Quraish. A party of Muslims leaves for Abyssinia.
616: Second Hijrah to Abysinnia.
617: Social boycott of the Hashimites and the Holy Prophet by the Quraish. The Hashimites are shut up in a glen outside Makkah.
619: Lifting of the boycott. Deaths of Abu Talib and Hadrat Khadija. Year of sorrow.
620: Journey to Taif. Ascension to the heavens.
621: First pledge at Aqaba.
622: Second pledge at Aqaba. The Holy Prophet and the Muslims migrate to Yathrib.
623: Nakhla expedition.
624: Battle of Badr. Expulsion of the Bani Qainuqa Jews from Madina.
625: Battle of Uhud. Massacre of 70 Muslims at Bir Mauna. Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews from Madina. Second expedition of Badr.
626: Expedition of Banu Mustaliq.
627: Battle of the Trench. Expulsion of Banu Quraiza Jews.
628: Truce of Hudaibiya. Expedition to Khyber. The Holy Prophet addresses letters to various heads of states.
629: The Holy Prophet performs the pilgrimage at Makkah. Expedition to Muta (Romans).
630: Conquest of Makkah. Battles of Hunsin, Auras, and Taif.
631: Expedition to Tabuk. Year of Deputations.
632: Farewell pilgrimage at Makkah.
632: Death of the Holy Prophet. Election of Hadrat Abu Bakr as the Caliph. Usamah leads expedition to Syria. Battles of Zu Qissa and Abraq. Battles of Buzakha, Zafar and Naqra. Campaigns against Bani Tamim and Musailima, the Liar.
633: Campaigns in Bahrain, Oman, Mahrah Yemen, and Hadramaut. Raids in Iraq. Battles of Kazima, Mazar, Walaja, Ulleis, Hirah, Anbar, Ein at tamr, Daumatul Jandal and Firaz.
634: Battles of Basra, Damascus and Ajnadin. Death of Hadrat Abu Bakr. Hadrat Umar Farooq becomes the Caliph. Battles of Namaraq and Saqatia.
635: Battle of Bridge. Battle of Buwaib. Conquest of Damascus. Battle of Fahl.
636: Battle of Yermuk. Battle of Qadsiyia. Conquest of Madain.
637: Conquest of Syria. Fall of Jerusalem. Battle of Jalula.
638: Conquest of Jazirah.
639: Conquest of Khuizistan. Advance into Egypt.
640: Capture of the post of Caesaria in Syria. Conquest of Shustar and Jande Sabur in Persia. Battle of Babylon in Egypt.
641: Battle of Nihawand. Conquest Of Alexandria in Egypt.
642: Battle of Rayy in Persia. Conquest of Egypt. Foundation of Fustat.
643: Conquest of Azarbaijan and Tabaristan (Russia).
644: Conquest of Fars, Kerman, Sistan, Mekran and Kharan.Martyrdom of Hadrat Umar. Hadrat Othman becomes the Caliph.
645: Campaigns in Fats.
646: Campaigns in Khurasan, Armeain and Asia Minor.
647: Campaigns in North Africa. Conquest of the island of Cypress.
648: Campaigns against the Byzantines.
651: Naval battle of the Masts against the Byzantines.
652: Discontentment and disaffection against the rule of Hadrat Othman.
656: Martyrdom of Hadrat Othman. Hadrat Ali becomes the Caliph. Battle of the Camel.
657: Hadrat Ali shifts the capital from Madina to Kufa. Battle of Siffin. Arbitration proceedings at Daumaut ul Jandal.
658: Battle of Nahrawan.
659: Conquest of Egypt by Mu'awiyah.
660: Hadrat Ali recaptures Hijaz and Yemen from Mu'awiyah. Mu'awiyah declares himself as the Caliph at Damascus.
661: Martyrdom of Hadrat Ali. Accession of Hadrat Hasan and his abdication. Mu'awiyah becomes the sole Caliph.
662: Khawarij revolts.
666: Raid of Sicily.
670: Advance in North Africa. Uqba b Nafe founds the town of Qairowan in Tunisia. Conquest of Kabul.
672: Capture of the island of Rhodes. Campaigns in Khurasan.
674: The Muslims cross the Oxus. Bukhara becomes a vassal state.
677: Occupation of Sarnarkand and Tirmiz. Siege of Constantinople.
680: Death of Muawiyah. Accession of Yazid. Tragedy of Kerbala and martyrdom of Hadrat Hussain.
682: In North Africa Uqba b Nafe marches to the Atlantic, is ambushed and killed at Biskra. The Muslims evacuate Qairowan and withdraw to Burqa.
683: Death of Yazid. Accession of Mu'awiyah II.
684: Abdullah b Zubair declares himself aS the Caliph at'Makkah. Marwan I becomes the Caliph' at Damascus. Battle of Marj Rahat.
685: Death of Marwan I. Abdul Malik becomes the Caliph at Damascus. Battle of Ain ul Wada.
686: Mukhtar declares himself as the Caliph at Kufa.
687: Battle of Kufa between the forces of Mukhtar and Abdullah b Zubair. Mukhtar killed.
691: Battle of Deir ul Jaliq. Kufa falls to Abdul Malik.
692: The fall of Makkah. Death of Abdullah b Zubair. Abdul Malik becomes the sole Caliph.
695: Khawarij revolts in Jazira and Ahwaz. Battle of the Karun. Campaigns against Kahina in North Africa. The' Muslims once again withdraw to Barqa. The Muslims advance in Transoxiana and occupy Kish.

8th Century (700-799) C.E.
700: Campaigns against the Berbers in North Africa.
702: Ashath's rebellion in Iraq, battle of Deir ul Jamira.
705: Death of Abdul Malik. Accession of Walid I as Caliph.
711: Conquest of Spain, Sind and Transoxiana.
712: The Muslims advance in Spain, Sind and Transoxiana.
713: Conquest of Multan.
715: Death of Walid I. Accession of Sulaiman.
716: Invasion of Constantinople.
717: Death of Sulaiman. Accession of Umar b Abdul Aziz.
720: Death of Umar b Abdul Aziz. Accession of Yazid II.
724: Death of Yazid II. Accession of Hisham.
725: The Muslims occupy Nimes in France.
732: The battle of Tours in France.
737: The Muslims meet reverse at Avignon in France.
740: Shia revolt under Zaid b Ali. Berber revolt in North Africa. Battle of the Nobles.
741: Battle of Bagdoura in North Africa.
742: The Muslim rule restored in Qiarowan.
743: Death of Hisham. Accession of Walid II. Shia revolt in Khurasan under Yahya b Zaid.
744: Deposition of Walid I1. Accession of Yazid II1 and his death. Accession of Ibrahim and his overthrow. Battle of Ain al Jurr. Accession of Marwan II.
745: Kufa and Mosul occupied by the Khawarjites.
746: Battle of Rupar Thutha, Kufa and Mosul occupied by Marwan II.
747: Revolt of Abu Muslim in Khurasan.
748: Battle of Rayy.
749: Battles of lsfahan and Nihawand. Capture of Kufa by the Abbasids. As Saffah becomes the Abbasid Caliph at Kufa.
750: Battle of Zab. Fall of Damascus. End of the Umayyads.
751: Conquest of Wasit by the Abbasid. Murder of the Minister Abu Salama.
754: Death of As Saffah. Accession of Mansur as the Caliph.
755: Revolt of Abdullah b Ali. Murder of Abu Muslim. Sunbadh revolt in Khurasan.
756: Abdul Rahman founds the Umayyad state in Spain.
762: Shia revolt under Muhammad (Nafs uz Zakia) and Ibrahim.
763: Foundation of Baghdad. Defeat of the Abbasids in Spain.
767: Khariji state set up by Ibn Madrar at Sijilmasa. Ustad Sees revolt in Khurasan.
772: Battle of Janbi in North Africa. Rustamid. state set up in Morocco.
775: Death or the Abbasid Caliph Mansur, Accession of Mahdi,
777: Battle of Saragossa in Spain.
785: Death of the Caliph Mahdi. Accession of Hadi.
786: Death of Hadi. Accession of Harun ur Rashid.
788: Idrisid state set up in the Maghrib. Death of Abdul Rahman of Spain, and accession of Hisham.
792: Invasion of South France.
796: Death of Hisham in Spain; accession of al Hakam.
799: Suppression of the revolt of the Khazars. Ninth century.

9th Century (800-899) C.E.
800: The Aghlabid rule is established in North Africa.
803: Downfall of the Barmakids. Execution of Jafar Barmki.
805: Campaigns against the Byzantines. Capture of the islands of Rhodes and Cypress.
809: Death of Harun ur Rashid. Accession of Amin.
814: Civil war between Amin and Mamun. Amin killed and Mamun becomes the Caliph.
815: Shia revolt under Ibn Tuba Tabs.
816: Shia revolt in Makkah; Harsama quells the revolt. In Spain the Umayyads capture the island of Corsica.
817: Harsama killed.
818: The Umayyads of Spain capture the islands of Izira, Majorica, and Sardinia.
819: Mamun comes to Baghdad.
820: Tahir establishes the rule of the Tahirids in Khurasan.
822: Death of AI Hakam in Spain; accession of Abdul Rahman. II.
823: Death of Tahir in Khurasan. Accession of Talha and his deposition. Accession of Abdullah b Tahir.
827: Mamun declares the Mutazila creed as the state religion.
833: Death of Mamun. Accession of Mutasim.
836: Mutasim shifts the capital to Samarra. 837 Revolt of the Jats.
838: Revolt of Babek in Azarbaijan suppressed.
839: Revolt of Maziar in Tabaristan. The Muslims occupy South Italy. Capture of the city of Messina in Sicily.
842: Death of Mutasim, accession of Wasiq.
843: Revolts of the Arabs.
847: Death of Wasiq, accession of Mutawakkil.
850: Mutawakkil restores orthodoxy.
849: Death of the Tahirid ruler Abdullah b Tahir; accession of Tahir II.
852: Death of Abdur Rahman II of Spain;. accession of Muhammad I.
856: Umar b Abdul Aziz founds the Habbarid rule in Sind.
858: Mutawakkil founds the town of Jafariya.
860: Ahmad founds the Samanid rule in Transoxiana.
861: Murder of the Abbasid Caliph Mutawakkil; accession of Muntasir.
862: Muntasir poisoned to death; accession of Mutasin.
864: Zaidi state established in Tabaristan by Hasan b Zaid.
866: Mutasim flies from Samarra, his depostion and accession of Mutaaz.
867: Yaqub b Layth founds the Saffarid rule in Sistan.
868: Ahmad b Tulun founds the Tulunid rule in Egypt.
869: The Abbasid Caliph Mutaaz forced to abdicate, his death and accession of Muhtadi.
870: Turks revolt against Muhtadi, his death and accession of Mutamid.
873: Tahirid rule extinguished.
874: Zanj revolt in South Iraq. Death of the Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of Nasr.
877: Death of Yaqubb Layth in Sistan, accession of Amr b Layth.
885: Death of Ahmad b Tulun in Egypt, accession of Khamar- wiyiah.
866: Death of Muhammad I the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Munzir. Death of Abdullah b Umar the Habbari ruler of Sind.
888: Death of Munzir the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Abbullah.
891: The Qarmatian state established at Bahrain.
892: Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr, accession of Ismail.
894: The Rustamids become the vassals of Spain.
896: Death of the Tulunid ruler Khamarwiyiah; accession of Abul Asakir Jaish.
897: Assassination of Abul Asakir Jaish; accession of Abu Musa Harun.
898: Qarmatians sack Basra,

10th Century (900-999) C.E.
902: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi; death of the Saffarid ruler Amr.
903: Assassination of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Said; accession of Abu Tahir.
905: Abdullah b Hamdan founds the Hamdanid rule in Mosul and Jazira. End of the Tulunid rule in Egypt.
907: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi; accession of Muqtadir,
908: End of the Saffarid rule, annexation of their territories by the Samanids.
909: Ubaidullah overthrows the Aghlablds and founds the Fatimid rule in North Africa.
912: Death of the Umayyad Amir Abdullah in Spain, accession of Abdur Rahman III.
913: Assassination of the Samanid ruler Ahmad II, accession of Nasr II.
928: Mardawij b Ziyar founds the Ziyarid rule in Tabaristan.
929: Qarmatians sack Makkah and carry away the Black Stone from the Holy Kaaba. In Spain, Abdur Rahman III declares himself as the Caliph.
931: Deposition and restoration of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir. Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Tahir; accession of Abu Mansur.
932: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir; accession of Al Qahir.
934: Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph AI Qahir; accession of Ar Radi. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Ubaidullah ; accession of Al Qaim.
935: Assassination of the Ziyarid ruler Mardawij; accession of Washimgir. Death of Hamdanid ruler Abdullah b Hamdan accession of Nasir ud Daula.
936: By coup Ibn Raiq becomes the Amir ul Umara.
938: By another coup power at Baghdad is captured by Bajkam.
940: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Ar Radi, accession of Muttaqi.
941: Assassination of Bajkam, capture of power by Kurtakin.
942: Ibn Raiq recaptures power.
943: Al Baeidi captures power. The Abbasid Caliph Muttaqi is forced to seek refuge with the Hamdanids. Sail ud Daula captures power at Baghdad and the Caliph returns to' Baghdad. Power is captured by Tuzun and Sail ud Daula retires' to Mosul. Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr II, accession of Nuh.
944: Muttaqi is blinded and deposed, accession of Mustakafi.
945: Death of Tuzun. Shirzad becomes Amir ul Umra. The Buwayhids capture power. Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph Mustakafi.
946: The Qarnaatiana restore the Black Stone to the Holy Kaaba.

954: Death of the Sasanid ruler Nuh, accession of Abdul Malik.
961: Death of the Samanid ruler Abdul Malik, accession of Manauf. Alptgin founds the rule of the Ghazanavids. Death of the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Rahman III in Spain; accession of Hakam. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Ungur accession of Abul Hasan Ali.
965: Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Mansur; accession of Hasan Azam. Assassination of the Ikhshid ruler Abul Hasan Ali; power captured by Malik Kafur.
967: Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Muiz ud Daula, accession of Bakhtiar. Death of the Hamdanid ruler Sail ud Daula.
968: Byzantines occupy Aleppo. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Malik Kafur; accession of Abul Fawaris.
969: The Fatimids conquer Egypt.
972: Buluggin b Ziri founds the rule of the Zirids Algeria.
973: Shia Sunni disturbances in Baghdad; power captured in Baghdad by the Turkish General Subuktgin.
974: Abdication of the Abbasid Caliph AI Muttih; accession of At Taii.
975: Death of the Turk General Subuktgin. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Muizz.
976: The Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula recaptures power with the help of his cousin Azud ud Daula. Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur, accession of Nuh II. In Spain death of the Umayyad Caliph Hakam, accession of Hisham II.
978: Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula, power captured by Azud ud Daula. The Hamdanids overthrown by the Buwayhids.
979: Subkutgin becomes the Amir of Ghazni.
981: End of the Qarmatian rule at Bahrain.
982: Death of the- Buwayhid Sultan Azud ud Daula; accession of Samsara ud Daula.
984: Death of the Zirid ruler Buluggin, accession of Mansur.
986: The Buwyhid Sultan Samsara ud Daula overthrown by Sharaf ud Daula.
989: Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Sharaf ud Daula, accession of Baha ud Daula.
991: Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph At Taii, accession of AI Qadir.
996: Death of the Zirid ruler Mansur, accession of Nasir ud Daula Badis.
997: Death of the Samanid ruler Nuh II, accession of Mansur II.
998: Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur II, accession of Abdul Malik II. Mahmud becomes the Amir of Ghazni. 999 End of the Samanids.

11th Century (1000-1099) C.E.
1001: Mahmud Ghazanavi defeats the Hindu Shahis.
1004: Mahmud captures Bhatiya.
1005: Mahmud captures Multan and Ghur.
1008: Mahmud defeats the Rajput confederacy.
1010: Abdication of Hisham II in Spain. accession of Muhammad.
1011: In Spain Muhammad is overthrown by Sulaiman.
1012: In Spain power is captured by Bani Hamud. Death of the Buwayhid Baha ud Daula, accession of Sultan ud Daula.
1016: Death of the Zirrid ruler Nasir ud Daula Badis; accession of AI Muizz.
1018: In Spain power is captured by Abdul Rahman IV.
1019: Conquest of the Punjab by Mahmud Ghazanavi.
1020: The Buwayhid Sultan ud Daula is Overthrown by Musharaf ud Daula, Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Hakim, accession of Al Zahir.
1024: In Spain assassination of Abdul Rahman IV, accession of Mustafi.
1025: Death of the Buwayhid Mushgraf ud Daula, accession of Jalal ud Daula.
1029: In Spain death of Mustaft, accession of Hisham III.
1030: Death of Mahmud Ghazanavi.
1031: In Spain deposition of Hisharn III, and end of the Umayyad rule. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al Qadir, accession of Al Qaim.
1036: Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Zahir, accession of Mustansir. Tughril Beg is crowned as the king of the Seljuks.
1040: Battle of Dandanqan, the Seljuks defeat the Ghazanavids. Deposition of Masud the Ghazanavid Sultan, accession of Muhammad. AI Moravids come to power in North Africa.
1041: The Ghazanavid Sultan Muhammad is overthrown by Maudud.
1044: Death of the Buwayhid Jalal ud Daula, accession of Abu Kalijar.
1046: Basasiri captures power in Baghdad.
1047: The Zirids in North Africa repudiate allegiance to the Fatimid and transfer allegiance to-the Abbasids.
1048: Death of the Buwayhid Abu Kalijar, accession of Malik ur Rahim.
1050: Yusuf b Tashfin comes to power .in the Maghrib.
1055: Tughril Beg overthrows the Buwayhids.
1057: Basasiri recaptures power in Baghdad, deposes Al Qaim and offers allegiance to the Fatimid Caliph.
1059: Tughril Beg recaptures power in Baghdad, al Qaim is restored as the Caliph.
1060: Ibrahim becomes the Sultan of Ghazni. Yusuf b Tashfin founds the city of Marrakesh. The Zirids abandon their capital Ashir and establish their capital at Bougie.
1062: Death of the Zirid ruler AI Muizz, accession of Tamin.
1063: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Tughril Beg; accession of Alp Arsalan.
1071: Battle of Manzikert, the Byzantine emperor taken captive by the Seljuks.
1073: Death of Alp Arsalan, accession of Malik Shah.
1077: Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Qaim, accession of AI Muqtadi.
1082: The A1 Moravids conquer Algeria.
1086: Battle of Zallakha. The AI Moravids defeat the Christians in Spain. Death of the Rum Sejuk Sultan Sulaiman, accession of Kilij Arsalan.
1091: The Normans conquer the island of Sicily; end of the Muslim rule.
1092: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah, accession of Mahmud.
1094: Death of Mahmud; accession of Barkiaruk. Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Muqtadi, accession of Mustahzir.
1095: The first crusade.
1099: The crusaders capture Jerusalem.

12th Century (1100-1199) C.E.
1101: Death or the Fatimid Caliph Al Mustaali, accession of Al Aamir.
1105: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Barkiaruk, accession Of Muhammad.
1106: Death of the AI Motavid Yusuf b Tashfin.
1107: Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Kilij Arsalan, succession of Malik Shah.
1108: Death of the Zirid ruler Tamin, accession of Yahya.
1116: Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah. accession of Rukn ud Din Masud.
1118: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad; accession of Mahmud II. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustahzir, accession of Mustarshid. In Spain the Christians capture Saragossa.
1121: Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Aamir, accession of AI Hafiz.
1127: Imad ud Din Zangi establishes the Zangi rule In Mosul.
1128: Death of the Khawarzam Shah Qutb ud Din Muhammad; accession of Atsiz.
1130: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Mahmud II; accession of Tughril Beg II.
1134: Assassination of the Abbasid Caliph Mustarshid; accession of Al Rashid. Death of the Seljuk Sultan Tughril Beg II, accession of Masud.
1135: Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph AI Rashid, accession of AI Muktafi.
1144: Imad ud Din Zangi captures Edessa from the Christians, second crusade.
1146: Death of Imad ud Din Zangi, accession of Nur ud Din Zangi.
1147: In the Maghrib AI Moravids overthrown by the Al Mohads under Abul Mumin.
1148: End of the Zirid rule' in North Africa.
1149: Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Hafiz, accession of AI Zafar.
1152: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Masud, accession of Malik Shah II. Hamadid rule extinguished in North Africa.
1153: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah I1, accession of Muhammad II.
1154: Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Zafar, accession of AI Faiz.
1156: Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Rukn ud Din Masid, accession of Arsalan II.
1159: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad II, accession of Gulaiman.
1160: Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Mukta, accession of Al Mustanjid. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Faiz, accession of Al Azzid.
1161: Death of the Seljuk Sulaiman, accession of Arsalan Shah.
1163: Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abul Mumin, accession of Abu Yaqub Yusuf.
1170: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustanjid, accession of Al Mustazii.
1171: Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Azzid. End of the Fatimids. Salah ud Din founds the Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt.
1172: Death of the Khawarzam Shah Arsalan, accession of Sultan Shah.
1173: The Khawarzam Shah Sultan Shah is overthrown by Tukush Shah.
1174: Salah ud Din annexes Syria.
1175: The Ghurids defeat the Guzz Turks and occupy Ghazni.
1176: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Arsalan Shah, accession of Tughril Beg III.
1179: Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Mustazaii, accession of AI Nasir. Shahab ud Din Ghuri captures Peshawar.
1185: Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abu Yaqub Yusuf, accession of Abu Yusuf Yaqub.
1186: The Ghurids overthrow the Ghaznvaids in the Punjab.
1187: Salah ud Din wrests Jerusalem from the Christians, third crusade.
1191: Battle of Tarain between the Rajputs and the Ghurids.
1193: Death of Salah ud Din; accession of Al Aziz. Second battleof Tarain.
1194: Occupation of Delhi by the Muslims. End of the Seljuk rule.
1199: Death of the Khawarzam Shah Tukush Shah; accession of Ala ud Din. Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abu Yusuf Yaqub; accession of Muhammad Nasir. Conquest of Northern India and Bengal by the Ghurids.

13th Century (1200-1299) C.E.
1202: Death of the Ghurid Sultan Ghias ud Din; accession of Mahmud.
1204: Shahab ud Din Ghuri defeated by the Ghuzz Turks.
1206: Death of Shahab ud Din Ghuri. Qutb ud Din Aibik crowned king in Lahore.
1210: Assassination of the Ghurid Sultan MahmUd, accession of Sam. Death of Qutb ud Din Aibak, accession of Aram Shah in India.
1211: End of the Ghurid rule, their territories annexed by the Khawarzam Shahs. In India Aram Shah overthrown by Iltutmish.
1212: Battle of AI Uqab in Spain, end of the AI Mohad rule in Spain. The AI Mohads suffer defeat by the Christians in Spain at the Al-Uqba. The AI Mohad Sultan An Nasir escapes to Morocco where he dies soon after. Accession of his son Yusuf who takes over title of AI Mustansir.
1214: In North Africa death of the AI Mohad ruler Al Nasir, accession of Al Mustansir. The Banu Marin under their leader Abdul Haq occupy the north eastern part of Morocco.
1216: The Banu Marin under their leader Abdul Haq occupy north eastern part of Morocco. The AI Mohads suffer defeat by the Marinids at the battle of Nakur. The Banu Marin defeat the AI Mobads at the battle of Nakur.
1217: The Marinids suffer defeat in the battle fought on the banks of the Sibu river. Abdul Haq is killed and the Marinids evacuate Morocco. In the battle of Sibu the Marinids suffer defeat; their leader Abdul Haq is killed and they evacuate Morocco.
1218: Death of the Ayyubid ruler AI Adil, accession of AI Kamil. The Marinids return to Morocco under their leader Othman and occupy Fez.
1220: Death of the Khawarzam Shah Ala ud Din, accession of Jalal ud Din Mangbarni.
1222: Death of the Zangi ruler Nasir ud Din Mahmud, power captured by Badr ud Din Lulu.
1223: Death of the Al Mohad ruler Muntasir, accession of Abdul Wahid. Death of Yusuf AI Mustansir, accession of Abdul Wahid in Morocco.. In Spain a brother of Yusuf declares his independence and assumes the title of AI Adil. In Spain Abu Muhammad overthrows AI Adil. AI Adil escapes to Morocco and overthrows Abdul Wahid.
1224: Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdul Wahid, accession of Abdullah Adil.
1225: Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Nasir, accession of AI Mustansir.
1227: Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdullah Adil, accession of Mustasim. Assassination of Al Adil, accession of his son Yahya who assumes the throne under the name of Al Mustasim.
1229: Death of the AI Mohad ruler Mustasim, accession of Idris. The Ayyubid AI Kamil restores Jerusalem to the Christians. Abu Muhammad dies in Spain and is succeeded by Al Mamun. AI Mamun invades Morocco with Christian help. Yahya is defeated and power is captured by Al Mamun. He denies the Mahdiship of Ibn Tumarat.
1230: End of the Khawarzam Shah rule.
1232: Death of the AI Mohad ruler Idris, accession, of Abdul Wahid II. Assassination of Al Mamun; accession of his son Ar-Rashid.
1234: Death of the Ayyubid ruler AI Kamil, accession of AI Adil.
1236: Death of Delhi Sultan Iltutmish. Accession of Rukn ud Din Feroz Shah.
1237: Accession of Razia Sultana as Delhi Sultan.
1240: Death of Ar-Rashid; accession of his son Abu Said.
1241: Death of Razia Sultana, accession of Bahram Shah.
1242: Death of Bahram Shah, accession of Ala ud Din Masud Shah as Delhi Sultan. Death of the AI Mohad rules Abdul Wahid, accession of Abu Hasan. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustansir, accession of Mustasim.
1243: Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdul Walid II, accession of
1244: The Al Mohads defeat the Marinids at the battle of Abu Bayash. The Marinids evacuate Morocco.
1245: The Muslims reconquer Jerusalem.
1246: Death of the Delhi Sultan Ala ud Din Masud Shah, accession of Nasir ud Din Mahmud Shah.
1248: Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abul Hasan, accession of Omar Murtaza. Abu Said attacks Tlemsen, but is ambushed and killed; accession of his son Murtada.
1250: The Marinids return to Morocco, and occupy a greatar part thereof.
1258: The Mongols sack Baghdad. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustasim. End of the Abbasid rule. Fall of Baghdad, end of the Abbasid caliphate. The Mongol II-Khans under Halaku establish their rule in Iran and Iraq with the capital at Maragah. Berek Khan the Muslim chief of the Golden Horde protests against the treatment meted out to the Abbasid Caliph and withdraw his Contingent from Baghdad.
1259: Abu Abdullah the Hafsid ruler declares himself as the Caliph and assumes the name of AI Mustamir.
1260: Battle of Ayn Jalut in Syria. The Mongols are defeated by the Mamluks of Egypt, and the spell of the invincibility of the Mongols is broken. Baybars becomes the Mamluk Sultan.
1262: Death of Bahauddin Zikriya in Multan who is credited with the introduction of the Suhrawardi Sufi order in the IndoPakistan sub-continent.
1265: Death of Halaku. Death of Fariduddin Ganj Shakkar the Chishti saint of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent.
1266: Death of Berek Khan the first ruler of the Golden Horde to be converted to Islam. The eighth crusade. The crusaders invade Tunisia. Failure of the crusade.
1267: Malik ul Salih establishes the first Muslim state of Samudra Pasai in Indonesia. Murtada seeks the help of the Christians, and the Spaniards invade Morocco. The Marinids drive away the Spaniards from Morocco. Assassination of Murtada; accession of Abu Dabbas.
1269: Abu Dabbas is overthrown by the Marinida, End of the Al Mohads. End of the rule of the AI Mohads in Morocco, the Marinids come to power in Morocco under Abu Yaqub.
1270: Death of Mansa Wali the founder of the Muslim rule in M ali.
1272: Death of Muhammad I the founder of the state of Granada. Yaghmurason invades Morocco but meets a reverse at the battle
1273: Death of Jalaluddin Rumi.
1274: Death of Nasiruddin Tusi. The Marinids wrest Sijilmasa from the Zayenids. Ninth crusade under Edward I of England. The crusade ends in fiasco and Edward returns to England.
1277: Death of Baybars.
1280: Battle of Hims.
1283: Death of Yaghmurasan. Accession of his son Othman.
1285: Tunisis splits in Tunis and Bougie.
1286: Death of Ghiasuddin Balban. Death of Abu Yusuf Yaqub. Bughra Khan declares his independence in Bengal under the name of Nasiruddin.
1290: End of the slave dynasty Jalaluddin Khilji comes into power. Othman embarks on a career of conquest and by 1290 C.E. most of the Central Maghreb is conquered by the Zayanids.
1291: Saadi.
1296: Alauddin Ghazan converted to Islam.
1299: Mongols invade Syria. The Marinids besiege Tlemsen the capital of the Zayanids.

14th Century (1300-1399) C.E.
1301: In Bengal, Death of Ruknuddin the king of Bengal, succeeded by brother Shamsuddin Firuz.
1302: In Granada, Death of Muhammad II; succession of Muhammad III.
1304: In the Mongols II Khans empire, Death of Ghazan, succession of his brother Khudabanda Ul Jaytu. In Algeria, Death of Othman, succession of his son Abu Zayan Muhammad.
1305: In the Khiljis empire, Alauddin Khilji conquers Rajputana.
1306: In the Chughills empire, Death of Dava, succession of his son Kunjuk.
1307: In the Marinids empire, Assassination of the Marinid Sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf; accession of Abu Thabit
1308: In the Chughills empire, Deposition of Kunjuk, power captured by Taliku. In Algeria, Death of Abu Zayan Muhammad, succession of his brother Abu Hamuw Musa. In the Marinids empire, Abu Thabit overthrown by Abu Rabeah Sulaiman.
1309: In the Chughills empire, Assassination of Taliku, accession of Kubak. In Granada, Muhammad III overthrown by his uncle Abul Juyush Nasr.
1310: In the Chughills empire, Kubak overthrown by his brother Isan Buga. In the Marinids empire, Abu Rabeah Sulaiman overthrown by Abu Said Othman. In the Khiljis empire, Alauddin conquers Deccan.
1312: In Tunisia, In Tunis Abul Baqa is overthrown by Al Lihiani.
1313: In the Mongols II Khans empire, Invasion of Syria, the Mongols repulsed. In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Toktu, accession of his nephew Uzbeg.
1314: In Kashmir, Rainchan an adventurer from Baltistan overthrows Sinha Deva the Raja of Kashmir. Rainchan is converted to Islam and adopts the name of Sadrud Din. In Granada, Abul Juyush overthrown by his nephew Abul Wahid Ismail.
1315: In Tunisia, War between Bougie and Tunis, Lihani defeated and killed. Abu Bakr becomes the ruler of Bougie and Tunis.
1316: In the Mongols II Khans empire, Death of Khudabanda Ul Jaytu, succession of Abu Said. In the Khiljis empire, Death of Alauddin, accession of Shahabuddin Umar, usurpation of power by Malik Kafur, a Hindu convert.
1318: In the Khiljis empire, Assassination of Malik Kafur, deposition of Shahabuddin Umar, accession of Qutbuddin Mubarak. In the Chughills empire, Isan Buga overthrown by Kubak.
1320: In the Khiljis empire, Assassination of Qutbuddin Mubarak, usurpation of power by Khusro Khan a Hindu convert. Khusro Khan overthrown by Ghazi Malik. End of the rule of Khiljis. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr expelled from Tunis by Abu Imran. In the Tughluqs empire, Ghazi Malik founds the rule of the Tughluq dynasty.
1321: In the Chughills empire, Death of Kubak, succession of Hebbishsi who is overthrown by Dava Temur.
1322: In the Chughills empire, Dava Temur overthrown by Tarmashirin, who is converted to Islam. In Bengal, Death of Shamsuddin Firuz. The kingdom divided into two parts. Ghiasuddin Bahadur became the ruler of East Bengal with the capital at Sonargaon, Shahabuddin became the ruler of West Bengal with the capital at Lakhnauti.
1324: In Bengal, Shahabuddin dies and is succeeded by his brother Nasiruddin.
1325: In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Ghazi Malik (Ghiasuddin Tughluq); accession of his son Muhammad Tughluq. In Granada, Assassination of Abul Wahid Ismail, succession of his son Muhammad IV. Assassination of Muhammad IV. Accession of his brother Abul Hallaj Yusuf. In the Samudra Pasai empire, Death of Malik al Tahir I, accession of Malik al Tahir II. In Bengal, With the help of Ghiasuddin Tughluq, Nasiruddin over-throws. Ghiasuddin Bahadur and himself become's the ruler of United Bengal.
1326: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Othman, succession of Orkhan. Orkhan conquers Bursa and makes it his capital.
1327: In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks capture the city of Nicaea.
1329: In the Tughluqs empire, Muhammad Tughluq shifts the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Deccan.
1330: In the Chughills empire, Death of Tramashirin, succession of Changshahi. Amir Hussain establishes the rule of the Jalayar dynasty at Baghdad. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr overthrows Abu Imran and the state is again united, under him. In Bengal, Muhammad b Tughluq reverses the policy of his father and restores Ghiasuddin Bahadur to the throne of Sonargeon.
1331: In the Marinids empire, Death of Abu Said Othman, sucession of Abul Hasan. In Bengal, Annexation of Bengal by the Tughluqs.
1335: In the Mongols II Khans empire, Death of Abu Said, power captured by Arpa Koun. In the Chughills empire, Assassination of Changshahi, accession of Burun.
1336: In the Mongols II Khans empire, Arpa defeated and killed, succeeded by Musa. Birth of Amir Temur. In the Jalayar empire, Death of Amir Hussain, succession of Hasan Buzurg. In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks annex the state of Karasi. In Bengal, The Tughluq Governor at Sonargeon assassinated by armour bearer who captured power and declared his independence assuming the name of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah.
1337: In the Mongols II Khans empire, The rule of Musa overthrown, Muhammad becomes the Sultan. In the Sarbadaran empire, On the disintegration of the II-Khan rule, Abdur Razaq a military adventurer establishes an independent principality in Khurasan with the capital at Sabzwar. In the Muzaffarids empire, On the disintegration of the II Khan rule Mubarazud Din Muhammad established the rule of the Muzaffarid dynasty. In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks capture the city of Nicomedia. In Algeria, Algeria is occupied by Marinids.
1338: In the Mongols II Khans empire, Muhammad overthrown, succession of Sati Beg. Sati Beg marries Sulaiman who becomes the co-ruler.
1339: In Kashmir, Death of Sadrud Din, throne captured by a Hindu Udyana Deva. In the Chughills empire, Deposition of Burun, accession of Isun Temur. In Bengal, The Tughluq Governor at Lakhnauti-Qadr Khan assassinated and power is captured by the army commander-in-chief who declares his independence and assumes the title of Alauddin Ali Shah.
1340: In the Muzaffarids empire, The Muzaffarids conquer Kirman. In the Chughills empire, Deposition of Isun Temur, accession of Muhammad.
1341: In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Uzbeg, succession of his son Tini Beg.
1342: In the Golden Horde empire, Tini Beg overthrown by his brother Jani Beg.
1343: In the Chughills empire, Muhammad overthrown, power captured by Kazan. In Bengal, Ilyas an officer of Alauddin murders his patron and captures the throne of West Bengal.
1344: In the Mongols II Khans empire, Deposition of Sulaiman, succession of Anusherwan.
1345: In the Samudra Pasai empire, Death of Malik al Tahir II, accession of Tahir III. His rule lasted throughout the fourteenth century. In Bengal, llyas captures East Bengal and under him Bengal is again united. He establishes his capital at Gaur.
1346: In the Chughills empire, Deposition of Kazan, accession of Hayan Kuli. In Tunisia, Death of Abu Bakr, succession of his son Fadal. In Kashmir, Death of Udyana Deva, throne captured by Shah Mirza who assumed the name of Shah Mir, and rounded the rule of Shah Mir dynasty.
1347: The Marinids capture Tunisia. In the Bahmanids empire, Hasan Gangu declares his independence and establishes a state in Deccan with the capital at Gulbarga.
1349: In Kashmir, Death of Shah Mir, accession of his son Jamsbed. In Algeria, The Zayanids under Abu Said Othman recapture Algeria.
1350: In the Sarbadaran empire, Revolt against Abdur Razaq. Power captured by Amir Masud. In Tunisia, Deposition of Fadal, succession of his brother Abu Ishaq. In Kashmir, Jamshed overthrown by his step brother Alauddin Ali Sher.
1351: In the Marinids empire, Death of Abul Hasan, succession of Abu Inan. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Muhammad Tughluq accession of Firuz Shah Tughluq.
1352: In Algeria, The Marinids again capture Algeria. Abu Said Othman is taken captive and killed.
1353: End of the Mongol II Khan rule. In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks acquire the fortress of Tympa on the European side of the Hollespoint. In the Muzaffarids empire, The Muzaffarids conquer Shiraz and establish their capital there.
1354: In the Muzaffarids empire, The Muzaffarids annex Isfahan. In Granada, Assassination of Abu Hallaj Yusuf, succession of his son Muhammad V.
1356: In the Jalayar empire, Death of Hasan Buzurg, succession of his son Owaia.
1357: In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Jani Beg, succession of Kulpa.
1358: In the Bahmanids empire, Death of Hasan Gangu, accession of his son Muhammad Shah. In the Muzaffarids empire, Death of Mubarazuddin Muhammad; accession of Shah Shuja. In the Marinids empire, Assassination of Abu Inan, succession of Abu Bakr Said. In Bengal, Death of Ilyas, succession of his son Sikandar Shah.
1359: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Orkhan, succession of Murad. In the Muzaffarids empire, Shah Shuja deposed by his brother Shah Mahmud. In Tunisia, Abul Abbas a nephew of Abu Ishaq revolts and establishes his rule in Bougie. In Algeria, The Zayanids under Abu Hamuw II recapture Algeria. In the Marinids empire, Abu Bakr Said overthrown by Abu Salim Ibrahim. In Granada, Muhammad V loses the throne in palace revolution, succeeded by Ismail.
1360: In the Muzaffarids empire, Death of Shah Mahmud. Shah Shuja recaptures power. In the Chughills empire, Power captured by Tughluq Temur. In Granada, Ismail overthrown by his brother-in-law Abu Said.
1361: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Murad conquers a part of Thrace and establishes his capital at Demolika in Thrace. In the Golden Horde empire, Kulpa overthrown by his brother Nauroz. In the Marinids empire, Abu Salim Ibrahim overthrown by Abu Umar. Abu Umar overthrown by Abu Zayyan.
1362: In the Golden Horde empire, State of anarchy. During 20 years as many as 14 rulers came to the throne and made their exit. In Granada, Abu Said overthrown by Muhammad V who comes to rule for the second time. In Kashmir, Death of Alauddin Ali Sher, succeeded by his brother Shahabuddin.
1365: In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks defeat the Christians at the battle of Matiza, the Byzantine ruler becomes a vassal of the Turks.
1366: In the Marinids empire, Assassination of Abu Zayyan, succession of Abu Faris Abdul Aziz.
1369: Power captured by Amir Temur. End of the rule of the Chughills. Amir Temur captures power in Transoxiana. In Tunisia, Death of Abu Ishaq. Succession of his son Abu Baqa Khalid.
1370: In Tunisia, Abu Baqa overthrown by Abul Abbas under whom the state is reunited. In the Sarbadaran empire, Death of Amir Masud, succession of Muhammad Temur.
1371: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Invasion of Bulgaria, Bulgarian territory upto the Balkans annexed by the Turks.
1372: In the Marinids empire, Death of Abu Faris, succession of Abu Muhammad.
1374: In the Marinids empire, Abu Muhammad overthrown by Abul Abbas.
1375: In the Sarbadaran empire, Deposition of Muhammad Temur, power captured by Shamsuddin. In the Jalayar empire, Death of Owais, succession by his son Hussain.
1376: In Kashmir, Death of Shahabuddin, succeeded by his brother Qutbuddin.
1377: In the Bahmanids empire, Death of Muhammad Shah, succeeded by his son Mujahid.
1378: In the Bahmanids empire, Mujahid assassinated, throne captured by his uncle Daud.
1379: Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Bairam Khawaja found the independent principality of the Turkomans of the Black Sheep and established his capital at Van in Armenia. In the Bahmanids empire, Assassination of Daud; accession of Muhammad Khan.
1380: In the Golden Horde empire, Power is captured by Toktamish, a prince of the White Horde of Siberia. In Amir Temur's empire, Amir Temur crosses the Oxus and conquers Khurasan and Herat. Amir Temur invades Persia and subjugates the Muzaffarids and Mazandaran.
1381: In Amir Temur's empire, Annexation of Seestan, capture of Qandhar.
1384: In Amir Temur's empire, Conquest of Astrabad, Mazandaran, Rayy and Sultaniyah. In the Muzaffarids empire, Death of Shah Shuja, accession of his son Zainul Abdin. In the Marinids empire, Abul Abbas overthrown by Mustansir. Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Death of Bairam Khawaja, succession of Qara Muhammad.
1386: In Amir Temur's empire, Annexation of Azarbaijan, Georgea overrun. Subjugation of Gilan and Shirvan. Turkomans of the Black Sheep defeated. In the Marinids empire, Death of Mustansir, succession of Muhammad.
1387: In the Marinids empire, Muhammad overthrown by Abul Abbas who comes to power for the second time.
1388: In Algeria, Death of Abu Hamuw II, succession of Abu Tashfin. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Firuz Shah Tughluq, succeeded by his grandson Ghiasuddin Tughluq II.
1389: of Abu Bakr Tughluq Shah. Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Death of Qara Muhammad. succession of Qara Yusuf.
1390: In the Tughluqs empire, Abu Bakr overthrow by Nasiruddin Tughluq. In Bengal, Death of Sikandar Shah, accession of his son Ghiasud. In the Burji Mamluks empire, The rule of the Burji Mamluks rounded by Saifuddin Barquq.
1391: In Amir Temur's empire, Annexation of Fars. In the Muzaffarids empire, Annexation of the Muzaffarids by Amir Temur. In Granada, Death of Muhammad V, succession of his son Abu Hallaj Yusuf II.
1392: In the Jalayar empire, Death of Hussain, succession of his son Ahmad. In Granada, Death of Abu Hallaj ; succession of Muhammad VI.
1393: Amir Temur defeats Tiktomish, the ruler of the Golden Horde. Capture of the Jalayar dominions by Amir Temur. In the Marinids empire, Death of Abul Abbas; succession of Abu Faris II.
1394: Amir Temur defeats the Duke of Moscow. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Nasiruddin Tugluq, accession of Alauddin Sikandar Shah. In Kashmir, Death of Qutbuddin. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Qara Othman established the rule of the White Sheep Turkomans in Diyarbekr.
1395: In the Golden Horde empire, Amir Temur defeated Toktamish and razes Serai to the ground. End of the rule of the Golden Horde. Annexation of Iraq by Amir Temur. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Sikandar Shah. Accession of Muhammad Shah.
1396: In the Amir Temur's empire, Destruction of Sarai, and of the rule of the Golden Horde. In the Sarbadaran empire, Principality annexed by Amir Temur.
1397: In the Bahmanids empire, Death of Muhammad Khan.
1398: In the Amir Temur's empire, Campaign in India. In the Marinids empire, Death of Abu Faris II. In the Tughluqs empire, Invasion of Amir Timur, Mahmud Shah escapes from the capital. In Morocco, Death of the Marinid Sultan Abu Faris II; succession of his son Abu Said Othman.
1399: In the Amir Temur's empire, Campaign in Iraq and Syria. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Saifuddin Barquq, succession of his son Nasiruddin in Faraj.

15th Century (1400-1499) C.E.
1400: In the Burji Mamluks empire, The Mamluks lost Syria which was occupied by Amir Timur.
1401: In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Timur Qutluq, the ruler, installed by Amir Timur. accession of Shadi Beg.
1402: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Defeat of Bayazid at the battle of Ankara, taken captive Amir Timur.
1403: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Muhammad I, the son of Bayazid ascended the throne.
1405: In the Timurids empire, Death of Amir Timur, succession of his son Shah Rukh.
1407: In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Shadi Beg, installation of Faulad Khan by the king maker Edigu.
1410: In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Faulad Khan, installation of Timur.
1412: In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Timur, installation of Jalaluddin. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Nasiruddin Faraj, succession of Al Muayyad.
1413: In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Jalaluddin, installation of Karim Bardo.
1414: In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Karim Bardo, installation of Kubak Khan.
1416: In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Kubak Khan, installation of Jahar Balrawi. Deposition of Jahar Balrawi, installation of Chaighray.
1419: In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Edigu, overthrow of Chaighray, power captured by Ulugh Muhammad.
1420: Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Death of Qara Yusuf; succession of his son Qara Iskandar. In Morocco, Assassination of Abu Said Othman; succession of his infant son Abdul Haq.
1421: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Muhammad I; accession of his son Murad II. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Al Muayyad, succession of Muzaffar Ahmad. Muzaffar Ahmad overthrown by Amir Saifuddin Tata, Death of Saifuddin Tata, succession of his son Muhammad. Muhammad overthrown by Amir Barsbay.
1424: In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Daulat Bairawi, succession of Berk. In Algeria, The Halsida of Tunisia occupy Algeria. This state of affairs continued throughout the fifteenth century.
1425: In the Uzbegs empire, Abul Khayr, a prince of the house of Uzbeg declare his independence in the western part of Siberia,
1427: In the Golden Horde empire, Berk overthrown by Ulugh Muhammad who captured power for the second time.
1430: In the Uzbegs empire, Abul Khayr occupies Khawarazm.
1434: Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Deposition of Qara Iskandar; installation of his brother Jahan Shah. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Death of Qara Othman, succession of his son Ali Beg. In Tunisia, Death of Abul Faris after a rule of forty years, succession of his son Abu Abdullah Muhammad.
1435: In Tunisia, Deposition of Abu Abdullah Muhammad, power captured by Abu Umar Othman.
1438: In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Barsbay, accession of his minor son Jamaluddin Yusuf; Yusuf overthrown and power captured by the Chief Minister Saifuddin Gakmuk. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Ali Beg overthrown by his brother Hamza.
1439: In the Golden Horde empire, Ulugh Muhammad withdrew from Sarai and found the principality of Qazan. Said Ahmad came to power in Sarai.
1440: Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Hamza overthrown by Jahangir a son of Ali Beg.
1441: In the Golden Horde empire, Crimea seceded from Sarai.
1446: In the Timurids empire, Death of Shah Rukh, succession of Ulugh Beg. In the Ottoman Turks empire, Second battle of Kossova resulting in the victory of the Turks. Serbia annexed to Turkey and Bosnia became its vassal.
1447: In the Golden Horde empire, Astra Khan seceded from Sarai.
1449: In the Uzbegs empire, Abul Khayr captures Farghana. In the Timurids empire, Death of Ulugh Beg, succession of Abdul Latif.
1450: In the Timurids empire, Assassination of Abdul Latif, accession of Abu Said.
1451: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Murad II; accession of his son Muhammad II.
1453: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Capture of Constantinople by the Turks. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Death of Jahangir; accession of his son Uzun Hasan. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Gakmuk. succession of his son Fakhruddin Othman. Othman overthrown by the Mamluk General Saifuddin Inal.
1454: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Attack against Wallachia, Wallachia became a vassal state of Turkey.
1456: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation of Serbia.
1461: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation of Bosnia and Herzogovina. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Saifuddin Inal, succession of his son Shahabuddin Ahmad. Shahabuddin Ahmad overthrown by the Mamluk General Saifuddin Khushqadam.
1462: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation of Albania.
1465: In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Said Ahmad, succession of his son Khan Ahmad. In Morocco, Assassination of Abdul Haq. End of the Marinid rule. Power snatched by Sharif Muhammad al Jati.
1467: Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Death of Jahan Shah, end of the rule of the Black Sheep Turkoman rule. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Jahan Shah of the Black Sheep attacked the White Sheep. Jahan Shah was defeated and the Black Sheep territories annexed by the White Sheep. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Khushqadam, accession of his son Saifuddin Yel Bey. Deposition of Yel Bey, power captured by the Mamluk General Temur Bugha.
1468: In the Uzbegs empire, Death of Abul Khayr, succession of his son Haidar Sultan. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Uzun Hasan defeated the Timurids at the battle of Qarabagh whereby the White Sheep became the masters of Persia and Khurasan. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Deposition of Femur Bugha, power captured by the Mamluk General Qait Bay.
1469: In the Timurids empire, Death of Abu Said, disintegration of the Timurid state. In Khurasan Hussain Baygara came to power and he ruled during the remaining years of the fifteenth century.
1472: In Morocco, Sharif Muhammad al Jati overthrown by the Wattisid chief Muhammad al Shaikh who establishes the rule of the Wattisid dynasty.
1473: In the Ottoman Turks empire, War against Persia; Persians defeated.
1475: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation of Crimea. War against Venice. Tukey became the master of the Aegean Sea.
1478: Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Death of Uzun Hasan, succession of his son Khalil.
1479: Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Khalil overthrown by his uncle Yaqub.
1480: In the Golden Horde empire, Assassination of Khan Ahmad, succession of his son Said Ahmad II.
1481: In the Golden Horde empire, Said Ahmad I1 overthrown by his brother Murtada. In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Muhammad II, accession of Bayazid II.
1488: In the Uzbegs empire, Death of Haider Sultan, succession of his nephew Shaybani Khan. In Tunisia, Death of Abu Umar Othman after a rule of 52 years, succession of Abu Zikriya Yahya.
1489: In Tunisia, Abu Zikriya Yahya overthrown by Abul Mumin.
1490: In Tunisia, Abul Mumin overthrown, power recaptured by Abu Yahya.
1493: Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Death of Yaqub. accession of his son Bayangir.
1495: Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Bayangir overthown by his cousin Rustam.
1496: In the Burji Mamluks empire, Abdication of Qait Bay, succession of his son Nasir Muhammad.
1497: Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Rustam overthrown by Ahmad. Anarchy and fragmentation.
1498: In the Burji Mamluks empire, Deposition of Nasir Muhammad, power captured by Zahir Kanauh.
1499: In the Uzbegs empire, Shayhani Khan conquered Transoxiana. In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Murtada, succession of Said Ahmad III." In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks defeated the Venetian fleet in the battle of Lepanto.

16th Century (1500-1599) C.E.
1500: In the Burji Mamluks empire, Zahir Kanauh overthrown by Ashraf Gan Balat.
1501: Isamil I establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia, and the Twelve-Imam Shi'ism becomes the state religion.
1507: The Portuguese under d'Albuquerque establish strongholds in the Persian Gulf.
1508: Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, End of the White Sheep dynasty and the annexation of their territories by the Safawids.
1511: D'Albuquerque conquers Malacca from the Muslims.
1517: The Ottoman Sultan Selim Yavuz ("the Grim") defeats the Mamluks and conquers Egypt.
1520: The reign of Sulayman the Magnificent begins.
1526: Louis of Hungary dies at the Battle of Mohacs.
1526: The Battle of Panipat in India, and the Moghul conquest; Babur makes his capital at Delhi and Agra.
1528: The Ottomans take Buda in Hungary.
1529: Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna.
1550: The architect Sinan builds the Suleymaniye mosque in Istanbul.
1550: The rise of the Muslim kingdom of Atjeh in Sumatra.
1550: Islam spreads to Java, the Moluccas, and Borneo.
1556: The death of Sulayman the Magnificent.
1568: Alpujarra uprising of the Moriscos (Muslims forcibly converted to Catholicism) in Spain.
1571: The Ottomans are defeated at the naval Battle of Lepanto, and their dominance in the Mediterranean is brought to a close.
1578: The Battle of the Three Kings at Qasr al-Kabir in Morocco. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed.
1588: Reign of Safavid Sultan Shah Abbas I begins.
1591: Mustaili Ismailis split into Sulaymanis and Daudis.

17th Century (1600-1699) C.E.
1600: Sind annexed by the Mughals. End of the Arghun rule in Sind.
1601: Khandesh annexed by the Mughals.
1603: Battle of Urmiyah. Turks suffer defeat. Persia occupies Tabriz, Mesopotamia. Mosul and Diyarbekr. Death of Muhammad III, Sultan of Turkey, accession of Ahmad I. In Morocco al Shaikh died.
1604: In Indonesia death of Alauddin Rayat Shah, Sultan of Acheh, accession of Ali Rayat Shah III.
1605: Death of the Mughal emperor Akbar; accession of Jahangir.
1607: Annexation of Ahmadnagar by the Mughals.
1609: Annexation of Bidar by the Mughals
1611: Kuch Behar subjugated by the Mughals.
1612: Kamrup annexed by the Mughals.
1617: Death of Ahmad I, Sultan of Turkey, accession of Mustafa; Deposition of Mustafa: accession of Othman II.
1618: Tipperah annexed by the Mughals.:
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1620: In Turkey deposition of Mustafa, accession of Othman II.
1623: In Turkey Mustafa recaptured power.
1625: In Turkey deposition of Mustafa, accession of Murad IV.
1627: Death of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, accession of Shah Jahan.
1628: Reign of Safavid Sultan Shah Abbas I comes to an end.
1629: In Persia death of Shah Abbas; accession of grandson Safi.
1631: Death of Mumtaz Mahal, wife of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and the lady of Taj Mahal, Agra.
1637: Death of Iskandar Muda in Indonesia; accession of Iskandar II.
1640: Death of Otthman Sultan Murad IV. accession of his brother Ibrahim.
1641: Turks capture Azov. In Indonesia death of Iskandar II; accession of the Queen Tajul Alam.
1642: In Persia death of Shah Safi, accession of Shah Abbas II.
1648: In Turkey Ibrahim deposed; accession of Muhammad IV.
1656: Muhammad Kuiprilli becomes the Grand Minister in Turkey.
1658: Deposition of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, accession of Aurangzeb.
1661: Death of Muhammad Kuiprilli, accession of his son Ahmad Kuiprilli.
1667: Death of Shah Abbas II; accession of Shah Sulaiman.
1675: Execution of the Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur. In Indonesia death of the queen Tajul Alam, accession of the queen Nur ul Alam.
1676: Death of the Grand Wazir of Turkey Ahmad Kuiprilli, succession by Kara Mustafa.
1678: In Indonesia death of the queen Nur ul Alam, accession of the queen Inayat Zakia.
1680: Death of Marhatta chieftain Shivaji.
1682: Assam annexed by the Mughals. Aurangzeb shifts the capital to Aurangabad in the Deccan.
1683: The Turks lift the siege of Vienna and retreat. Kara Mustafa the Grand Wazir executed for the failure of the expedition.
1686: Annexation of Bijapur by the Mughals.
1687: Golkunda annexed by the Mughals. Second battle of Mohads. Defeat of the Turks by Austria. Deposition of Muhammad IV. Accession of Sulaiman II.
1688: In Indonesia death of queen Inayat Zakia, accession of the queen Kamalah.
1690: Death of the Ottoman Sultan Sulaiman II, accession of Ahmad II.
1692: Death of the Turk Sultan Ahmad II, accession of Mustafa II.
1694: In Persia death of Shah Safi, accession of Shah Hussain.
1699: In Indonesia death of Queen Kamalah.

18th Century (1700-1799) C.E.
1700: Murshid Quli Khan declares the independence of Bengal and establishes his capital at Murshidabad.
1703: Ahmad 11I becomes the Ottoman Sultan. Birth of Shah Wali Ullah. Birth of the religious reformer Muhammad b Abdul Wahab.
1707: Death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, accession of his son Bahadur Shah.
1711: War between Turkey and Russia. Russia defeated at the battle of Pruth.
1712: Death of the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah, accession of Jahandar Shah.
1713: Jahandar Shah overthrown by his nephew Farrukh Siyar.
1718: In the war against Austria, Turkey suffers defeat. By the treaty of Passarowich Turkey loses Hungary.
1719: Deposition of the Mughal emperor Farrukh Siyar Muhammad Shah ascends the throne. In Sind the Kalhoras came to power under Nur Muhammad Kalhora.
1722: Saadat Khan found the independent state of Oudh. Battle of Gulnabad between the Afghans and the Persians. The Persians were defeated and the Afghans under Shah Mahmud became the masters of a greater part of Persia. Shah Hussain taken captive, accession of Shah Tahmasp II.
1730: Zanzibar freed from Portugese rule and occupied by Oreart.
1747: Ahmad Shah Durrani established Afghan rule in Afghanistan.
1752: Death of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, writer of Sassi Pannu, Sohni Mahinwal and Umer Marvo.
1752: Ahmed Shah Durrani captured Punjab, Kashmir and Sind.
1761: Death of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi.
1761: Battle of Panipat. Ahmad Shah Durrani came to India at the invitation of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi and smashed rising Maratha power in the battle of Panipat.
1764: Conversion to Islam of Areadi Gaya. ruler of Futa Bandu State in West Sudan.
1773: Death of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
1783: End of Kalhora rule in Sind.
1797: Death of Muhammad Khan Qachar, king of Persia.
1797: Russia occupied Daghestan.
1799: Ranjit Singh declared himself Maharajah of Punjab defeating Afghans.
1799: Khoqand declared independent Islamic State.

19th Century (1800-1899) C.E.
1803: Shah Abdul Aziz ibn Saud assassinated by a Shia fanatic. Shah Shuja proclaimed as King of Afghanistan.
1805: Ibn Saud captured Madinah defeating the Turk garrison.
1804: Othman Dan Fodio established Islamic State of Sokoto in Central Sudan.
1805: Faraizi movement launched in Bengal. Muhammad Ali appointed Pasha of Egypt by the Turks.
1806: Khanate of Khiva came into limelight under the rule of Muhammad Rahim Khan.
1807: Darqawi sect revolted against Turkish domination. Tunisia repudiated suzerainty of Algeria.
1811: Birth of Ali Muhammad Bab founder of Bab movement.
1811: British occupied Indonesia.
1812: Madina fell to Egyptians.
1813: Makkah and Taif captured by Egyptian forces and Saudis expelled from Hijaz.
1814: Iran executed treaty of alliance with the British known as Definitive Treaty.
1814: Death of Ibn Saud II.
1814: King Othman of Tunisia assassinated by his cousin Mahmud.
1816: British withdrew from Indonesia restoring it to the Dutch.
1822: Death of Maulay Ismail in Morocco.
1827: Malaya became a preserve of the British according to Anglo- Netherland treaty in 1824.
1828: Russia declared war against Turkey.
1829: Treaty of Adrianople.
1830: French forces landed near Algiers and occupied Algeria ending 313 years rule of Turks.
1831: Syed Ahmad Barelvi and Shah Ismail leaders of Jihad movement in India fell fighting the Sikhs in Balakot.
1832: Turks defeated in the battle of Konia by Egyptian forces.
1832: Sayyid Said, King of Oman, shifted his capital to Zanzibar.
1834: Abdul Qadir recognised as ruler of the area under his control by the French.
1839: Defeat of Turkey by the Egyptians in the battle of Nisibin.
1840: Quadruple Alliance by the European powers to force Egypt to relinquish Syria.
1840: British frees occupied Aden.
1841: State of Adamawa established by Adams adjacent to Nigeria.
1842: Amir Abdul Qadir, ousted from Algeria by the French. crossed over to Morocco.
1842: Shah Shuja assassinated ending the Durrani rule in Afghanistan.
1847: Amir Abdul Qadir surrendred to France under the condition of safe conduct to a Muslim country of his choice but France violated its pledge and sent him as a captive to France.
1849: Death of Muhammad Ali pasha.
1850: Ali Muhammad Bab arrested and executed by Iranian government. Qurratul Ain Tabira, a renowned poetess and staunch advocate of Babism also shot dead.
1852: Release of Amir Abdul Qadir by Napolean III. He settled in Turkey.
1855: Khiva annexed by Russia.
1857: British captured Delhi and eliminated Mughal rule in India after 332 years. Last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled to Rangoon in Burma. This was also the end of 1000 years of Muslim rule over India.
1859: Imam Shamil laid down arms before Russian forces and the Islamic State of Daghestan became a Russian province.
1860: Maulay Muhammad defeated by Spain.
1861: Death of Sultan Abdul-Majid of Turkey.
1862: Faraizi movement fizzled out after the death of Dadu Miyan..
1865: Khoqand State liquidated by Russia.
1869: Jamaluddin Afghani exiled from Afghanistan. He proceeded to Egypt.
1871: Tunisia recognised suzerainty of Turkey through a Firman.
1876: Britain purchased shares of Khediv Ismail in the Suez canal and got involved in Egyptian affairs.
1878: Turkey handed over Cyprus to Britain.
1878: Adrianople fell to Russia.
1879: Jamaluddin Afghani exiled from Egypt.
1879: Treaty of Berlin. Turkey lost 4/5 th of its territory in Europe.
1881: France invaded Tunisia and the Bey acknowledged supremacy of France as a result of the treaty of Bardo.
1881: Muhammad Ahmad declared himself Mahdi in northern Sudan.
1882: Egypt came under British military occupation.
1883: Death of Amir Abdul Qadir in Damascus.
1885: Muhammad Ahmad declared free Government of Sudan under his rule.
1885: Death of Mahdi Sudani five months after the occupation of Khartum.
1890: End of Banbara State.
1895: Afghanistan got Wakhan corridor by an understanding with Russia and British India making Afghan touch China.
1895: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claimed prophethood.
1897: State of Bagirimi occupied by the French,
1899: Fall of Mahdi State occupied by the British and the Egyptians jointly.

20th Century (1900-1992) C.E.
1901: Ibn Saud (Abd al-Aziz) captures Riyad.
1901: French forces occupy Morocco.
1904: Morocco becomes a French protectorate under the Conference of Algeciras.
1904: The Presian constitution is promoted.
1905: The beginning of the Salafiyyah movement in Paris with it's main sphere of influence in Egypt.
1907: The beginning of the Young Turks movement in Turkey.
1912: The beginning of the Muhammadiyyah reform movement in Indonesia.
1914: Under Ottoman rule, secret Arab nationalist societies are formed.
1914: World War I.
1916: Arab revolt against Ottoman (Turkish) rule. Lawrence of Arabia leads attacks on the Hijaz Railway.
1918: Armistice signed with Ottomans on October 30.
1918: World War I ends on November 11.
1918: Syria and Damascus become a French protectorate.
1921: Abd Allah bin Husayn in made King of Transjordan. His father was the Sharif of Mecca.
1921: Faysal bin Husayn is made King of Iraq. His father was the Sharif of Mecca.
1921: Abd al-Karim leads a revolt against colonial rule in Moroccan Rif, and declares the "Republic of the Rif".
1922: Mustafa Kemal abolishes the Turkish Sultanate.
1924: The Turkish Caliphate is abolished.
1924: King Abd al-Aziz conquers Mecca and Medina, which leads to the unification of the Kingdoms of Najd and Hijaz.
1925: Reza Khan seizes the government in Persia and establishes the Pahlavi dynasty.
1926: Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) assumes title of King of Najd and Hijaz.
1927: Death of Zaghlul, an Egyptian nationalist leader.
1928: Turkey is declared a secular state.
1928: Hasan al-Banna founds the Muslim Brotherhood.
1932: Iraq granted independence by League of Nations.
1934: War between King Abd al-Aziz and Imam Yahya of the Yemen.
1934: Peace treaty of Ta'if.
1934: Asir becomes part of Saudi Arabia.
1935: Iran becomes the official name of Persia.
1936: Increased Jewish immigration provokes widespread Arab-Jewish fighting in Palestine.
1939: World War II.
1941: British and Russian forces invade Iran and Reza Shah is forced to abdicate in favor of his son Mohammad Reza Shah in Iran.
1943: Beginning of Zionist terrorist campaign in Palestine.
1945: End of World War II.
1946: Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria are granted independence from Britain and France.
1947: Creation of Pakistan from Muslim Majority area in India.
1948: Creation of state of Israel. Arab armies suffer defeat in war with Israel.
1949: Hasan al-Banna, leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, is assassinated.
1951: Libya becomes independent.
1952: King Faruq of Egypt forced to abdicate.
1953: General Zahedi leads coup against Musaddeq, Shah returns to power.
1953: Death of King Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) of Saudi Arabia.
1953: The foundation stone is laid to enlarge the Prophet's mosque in Medina.
1956: Morocco becomes independent.
1956: Tunisia becomes independent.
1957: The Bey of Tunisia is deposed, and Bourguiba becomes becomes president.
1957: Enlargement of the Haram in Mecca begins.
1962: Algeria becomes independent.
1962: Death of Zaydi Imam of Yemen (Ahmad). Crown Prince Bahr succeds him and takes the title Imam Mansur Bi-Llah Muhammad.
1965: Malcom X is assassinated.
1968: The enlargement of the Haram in Mecca is completed.
1969: King Idris of Libya is ousted by a coup led by Colonel Qadhdhafi.
1973: King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan is overthrown.
1975: Death of Elijah Mohammad, leader of Nation of Islam among African Americans in North America.
1975: Wallace Warith Deen Mohammad assumes leadership of Nation of Islam and shifts movement toward Islamic Orthodoxy renaming it American Muslim Mission.
1978: Imam Musa Sadr is apparently assassinated after he disappears on a trip to Libya. He was the religious leader of the Lebanese Twelve-Imam Shi'ites. He promoted the resurgence of Shi'ites in Lebanon and set the foundation of Amal.
1979: The Shah leaves Iran on January 15, thus bringing the Pahlavi dynasty to an end.
1979: On 1 Muharram AH 1400/21 November, the first day of the 15th Islamic century, fanatics led by students of the Theological University of Medina attempt to promote one of their group as Mahdi and thus fulfill a certain prophetic Hadith: "A man of the people of Medina will go forth, fleeing to Mecca, and certain of the people of Mecca will come to him and will lead him forth against his will and swear fealty to him between the rukn (Black Stone corner of the Kabah) and the Maqam Ibrahim." They hold the Haram of Mecca against the army for two weeks. Sixty-three of the 300 fanatics are captured alive, the mosque is recovered, and the conspirators are all put to death.
1980: Beginning of the Iran-Iraq war.
1989: Iran-Iraq comes to an end with much loss of life.
1990: Military annexation of Kuwait by Iraq, under Ba'athist leader Saddam Hussain, is reversed in 1991 by a coalition of United States-led forces.

http://www.barkati.net/english/chronology.htm